FUTURISTIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Stanley Kedar Avinash Under guidance of Prof. Murali Murti

KM Integrated Capability

Drivers
Technological amalgamation Technologies for knowledge capture and organization Strategic view of KM : synergy between technological and human issues necessary for organizational survival Approaches of Knowledge Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, etc

8.1 Knowledge Engineering

KE is an engineering discipline that involves integrating knowledge into computer systems in order to solve complex problems normally requiring a high level of human expertise

USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE DOMAINS

Artificial Intelligence: a branch of computer science that studies and develops intelligent machines and software Expert Systems: it is a software that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts. Decision Support Systems: it is an interactive computer based system or subsystem intended to help decision makers to complete decision process task and make decision.

AI Support

 Knowledge engineering is also related to mathematical logic , as well as strongly involved in cognitive science and sociocognitive engineering where the knowledge is produced by socio-cognitive aggregates (mainly humans) and is structured according to our understanding of how human reasoning

Various activities of KE specific for the development of a knowledge-based system:

Assessment of the problem Development of a knowledge-based system shell/structure Acquisition and structuring of the related information, knowledge and specific preferences (IPK model) Implementation of the structured knowledge into knowledge bases Testing and validation of the inserted knowledge Integration and maintenance of the system Revision and evaluation of the system.

KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

There are different types of knowledge, the right approach and technique should be used for the knowledge required There are different types of experts and expertise, and each should be chosen based on situation There are different ways of representing knowledge There are different ways of using knowledge Use structured methods to increase the efficiency of the acquisition process Knowledge Engineering is the process of eliciting Knowledge for any purpose, be it expert systems or AI development

VIEWS OF KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING

1. Transfer View conventional view, try and transfer human knowledge into an AI system 2. Modeling view: alternative view, model the knowledge and problem-solving techniques of an expert into the AI system

8.2 THE THEORY OF COMPUTATION

In theoretical computer science and Mathematics the theory of computation is the branch that deals with whether and how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation using an algorithm.

THE FIELD IS DIVIDED INTO THREE MAJOR BRANCHES

Automata Theory: is the study of abstract machines (or more appropriately, abstract 'mathematical' machines or systems) and the computational problems that can be solved using these machines Computability Theory: whether a problem can be solved on a computer Complexity Theory: how efficiently can a problem be solved time complexity and space complexity

8.3 DATA STRUCTURE

In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently Storage of Data in appropriate format for appropriate retrieval and understanding.

A SAMPLE HASH FUNCTION

2 concepts of DS
Abstraction is the process where common patterns are grouped together under single name in order to achieve high level of understanding. Encapsulation is a mechanism to hide implementation details from the user. The end result is of prime importance.

Other Formats
1. Static data types ; bit, byte, field, record, file, database, text, numeric, integer, floating point etc

2. Abstract data types notion of object where both data and operations are stored. (Commonplace today)
3. Algorithm

Knowledge Audit

What is Knowledge Audit?

It is a qualitative evaluation. A sound investigation into the organization's Knowledge Health. It provides an evidence based assessment of where the organization needs to focus its knowledge management efforts. Reveals the organization's KM needs, strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats and risks.

Benefits of Knowledge Audit:

It helps to visibly identify what knowledge is desirable to support the overall organization's goals. Indicates where we are and where we need to go. Indicates the current KM practices used in the organization. Provides vital information to design KM programs and initiatives. Makes the Inventory of Knowledge Assets more visible.

How to go about Knowledge Audit?

1. Identifying the knowledge needs. 2. Drawing up a knowledge inventory. 3. Examine the knowledge flows.

1) Identifying the knowledge needs:

Becoming clear about what kind of knowledge the organisation & the people & the teams inside it need in order to meet their goals and objectives. Common approaches are, questionnaire based surveys, facilitated GDs, interviews & a combination of these. Understand how faster access to better knowledge will help.

2) Drawing up a knowledge inventory:

A knowledge inventory is a kind of stocktaking to spot & place knowledge assets or resources all over the organisation. It involves counting & classifying the organisations explicit & tacit knowledge. By comparing the knowledge needs of the organization & the knowledge inventory we can identify the gaps.

3) Examine the knowledge flows:

An analysis of how knowledge travels in the organisation- from where it is to where it is needed. Focuses on:
People: Attitudes, habits, behaviours & skills concerning sharing &
use of knowledge.

Processes: How knowledge seeking and sharing happens in the

day-to-day activities, policies & practices affecting it.

Systems: To what degree does the system effectively facilitate

knowledge flows, and help to connect people with the information.

Issues of concern:
Be clear about the purpose. Do not focus too much time & energy on explicit knowledge, ignoring the tacit knowledge. Do not confuse knowledge audit with information audit- which mainly focuses on Explicit Knowledge.