Values

Golden Rule

DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU.

Values
Value :-Values are the important internal compasses that guide people in developing priorities and making choices. Values are a reflection of who we are, of our culture, and our own unique heritage. Values are a part of our experience that affects our behavior. They encompass our attitudes, the standards for our actions, and our beliefs.

Value System:- A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity

Values
Values represent the personal belief which decides the right or wrong. Values are beliefs. But they are beliefs tied inextricably to emotion, not objective, cold ideas. Values are a motivational construct. They refer to the desirable goals people strive to attain. Values transcend specific actions and situations. They are abstract goals. The abstract nature of values distinguishes them from concepts like norms and attitudes, which usually refer to specific actions, objects, or situations. Values guide the selection or evaluation of actions, policies, people, and events. That is,values serve as standards or criteria. Values are ordered by importance relative to one another. Peoples values form an ordered system of value priorities that characterize them as individuals. This hierarchical feature of values also distinguishes them from norms and attitudes

Characteristics of Values
Values are patented thoughts, speech and actions of every human beings. Values are concerned with the internal development of a person purifying mind,spirit and thoughts. Values are the guiding force to take specific judgement in specific societal issues. Values are the beliefs that direct actions and judgments transversely in a variety of situations. Human values are social and ethical standards common to every cultures, societies and religions.

Human Values and Cultural Values

Human Values: A set of emotional rules people follow to make right decisions in life. Values when used in professional settings are called ethics. Cultural values: Groups, societies or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members.

Types of Values
Terminal Values Instrumental Values

Gholipour A. 2006. Organizational Behavior. University of Tehran.

Types Of Values
Terminal value:Desirable end-states of existence, the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.

Self respect, Family security, A sense of accomplishment, Happiness, Freedom Security Prosperity Pride of Achievement Knowledge and Intelligence..etc

Instrumental value
These values are relating with the resources for achieving the desired results. Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones terminal values.
Honesty, Responsible, Capable, Independent, Courageous, Helpful Obedience Positive Thinking Hard Work

Values in Indian Society

Karta Relationships Security Simple living and high thinking Survival

Part 3

Values-based Education
A philosophy, a lifestyle, a way of thinking about the world

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Whats missing?
Values

Beliefs

Sensibilities
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Political awareness and commitment

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Policy, not charity, will determine whether new technologies become a tool for human development everywhere . and for all
There is enough on this earth for everyones needs but not for everyones greed

- Mahatma Gandhi

Value Education
Value Education is a way of conceptualizing education that places the search for meaning and purpose at the heart of the educational process.

benefits

Education

S
supports

Society

Values Methods/Processes

Acceptability Equity Sustenance

Education Must be responsible, critical & creative for

overall development of individual

Society Must participate in the making of national culture

and values that make for healthy and dynamic citizenship.

Education not for jobs only; where both job seekers & professionals are on the run
Broaden Yourself

Personal Enrichment

Life becoming very Complex and Alienated

Schools
Basics, Values and Cultural Communication

Getting to Know Others e.g.

Poor children Respect for the dignity of all

INDIA in World

Globalization and Education

English education policy plays an active role in supporting and affirming racist / casteist /urban structures

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The Need of 21st Century

Bring Education into the 21st Century

The Indian education as a product of colonial system has always been narrow undermining indigenous values & social practices. It also remains very urban, middle class values- & aspiration- based. We need to shift the economic perspective in education to make it more socially-nationallyculturally diverse, critical, humanistic, innovative, cosmopolitan & global citizenship-based.

Fostering Universal core values Integrity Discipline Justice

Developing Values in Individuals

Physical Emotional Intellectual Spiritual Moral

VALUE EDUCATION

Promoting values in society leading to individual and social transformation

Creating a holistic Education System

New Approach to Values Education

Need for a major rethink at pedagogic & curricular level Imaginative synergy with all other knowledge streams

Redevelop interest in indigenous systems

Restore the inspirational role of teacher-motivator & mentor Values education as a dialogical & participatory process - not as imposed one, 13 June 2013 20

Value of Value-based Education

Strengthening values education at all levels is an enabling requirement, especially for developing nations, for a self-standing national-cultural base.

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Values-based Education
Accepts diversity, difference; is capable of handling ambiguity; is cognizant of our interdependence and connections with human beings and the mother earth Is based on a more inclusive world view allowing for collaboration & cooperation between people, communities & nations beyond our self-interests Is based on democratic idea of individual worth and dignity; Is based on unifying idea of a common belief.

The courage to challenge mainstream knowledge and conventional wisdom

Critical education has to integrate the students and the teachers into a mutual creation and re-creation of knowledge

Ira Shor (1987)

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Three (3) Types of knowledges

1. Knowledge as science
2. Knowledge as action/praxis

3. Knowledge as creativity/reflexivity
Value-based education largely relates to all the three.
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Role of Higher Education in Re-stalling Core Values

Higher education needs to recognize and re-build the core values of a modern free society through all the three types of knowledge.

University education is to train a responsible, satisfying & soulful person; not a smarter manager/professional who can just make more money & move upwards in the hierarchy.

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Universities & the Common Denominator of Learning

There is currently lack of a sense of community, connectedness, shared values and mutual responsibilities that give direction and purpose
University strategic planning should emphasize the common denominator of learning as the institutionalization of an environment which addresses concern for foundational values and ethics in higher education.
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Some Core Values of a Modern Society

Freedom Credibility/Integrity Justice/Fairness Trust/Respect Open communication, dialogue & equality Embrace of diversity/difference Tolerance based on non-violent politics Hope, Love and Dreams Social Citizenship & responsibility Harmony/unity Human dignity for everyone
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Values Education is about

1. Real quality education opportunities for people, not based on market requirements and international rules alone Education based on human needs, values and experiences, not factual knowledge Updating holistic education for todays world, not adding a new top-down priority

2. 3.

4.

Defeating stereotypes, not only language, geography, race or caste

Values Education is about

5. Preparing for a globally interdependent economy but with a broader vision than mere economic progress for the top layer. A positive vision of the future of the nation, not based on crisis or fear but on dialogue, which is inclusive & participatory. International interdependence and collaboration, but not dependency and corporate domination

6.

7.

Dos and Donts in Values Education

Donts Make values education appear a separate area of study Talk about adding courses to curriculum Make self-interest the primary reason to engage in the world through competition
Dos Align values education with what people want from schools Inspire curiosity for competing values Improve quality of teaching and faculty development to infuse values learning

Human Being ------------> Nature/Existence (all that exists) <-------------- (other humans, animals, plants, soil, etc)
We live with this entirety we live with our family, our friends, air, soil, water, trees the nature around us and we want to understand our relationship with all this. Understanding of all these is to be done by me, the self. To understand my relationship with all this, I need to start observing inside.

Self-Exploration
It is the process of investigation which starts in ourselves,in our intutions,in our hearts and decides what is valuable to me. With the help of self exploration ,we can progress in our living and in our behaviour.

What is Self Exploration and What is its Purpose?

1) It is a process of dialogue between what you are and what you really want to be. 2) It is a process of self-evolution through selfinvestigation. 3) It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence. 4) It is a process of recognizing ones relationship with every unit in existence and fulfilling it.

Contd.
5) It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly. 6) It is a process of being in harmony in oneself and in harmony with entire existence. 7) It is a process of identifying our innateness (Swatva) and moving towards Self-organization (Swatantrata) and Self-expression (Swarajya).

Discussion between what we are and what we really want to be

Knowing oneself and through that knowing the entire existence

Knowing human conduct and character, and living accordingly

Self evolution and self investigation

Recognizing Recognizing our our innateness innatenessand and forwarding forwarding towards towards self self organizing organizing and self and expression self expression

Establishing Establishing harmony harmony with with oneself oneself and and harmony harmony with entire with entire existence existence

Identifying ones relationship with every unit in existence and fulfilling fulfillingit. it.

SELF-EXPLORATION

Content of Self-exploration
The content of Self-exploration can be visualized In terms of finding answers to the following fundamental questions of all human beings: 1. Desire: What is my basic aspiration? 2. Program: What is the process to fulfil this basic aspiration?

Process of Self-Exploration

Process of Self-exploration
Whatever is stated is a proposal. Dont start by assuming it to be true or false Verify it on your own right Not on the basis of others: Firstly, verify the proposal on the basis of your natural acceptance Secondly, live according to the proposal to validate it experientially.

Natural Acceptance
a) Natural acceptance is the same, no matter what time we address it.The natural acceptance does not change with time. It remains invariant with time. This can be easily verified. For example, our acceptance for trust or respect does not change with age.People hundred years ago also had the same natural acceptance. We can try to verify this within our span of observation.

b) It does not depend on the place. Whether we are in New Delhi, New York or Abu Dhabi, if we address our natural acceptance, the answer would still be the same! c) It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditioning. We may be told frequently not to trust people of other religions or castes, but is it naturally acceptable to us? No matter how deep our belief or past conditioning, as long as we ask ourselves the question sincerely, as long as we refer deep within ourselves, the answer will always be the same.

d )This natural acceptance is constantly there, something we can refer to. Try this yourself: think of cheating or exploiting someone. The moment you think of this, you sense a contradiction within and feel unhappy that very instant!

e) Natural acceptance is the same for all of us: it is part and parcel of every human being, it is part of humanness. For example, let us say a person A disrespects B. This man B may bear a grudge against A and set out to teach him a lesson. This is because B does not find disrespect acceptable and when he does not get respect, it offends him. This may actually end up leading to a large scale war! The issue of disrespect may seem very simple, but its consequences can be very damaging.

Continuous Happiness and Prosperity Our Basic Aspirations

Make a list of all that you want in your life and reasons for wanting them. For example, when you start listing, your list may comprise of things such as- to be an engineer or an MBA professional, to get the highest grade, to be the first ranker in the examination, to be the smartest guy in the crowd, to be the master of all trades, to earn more wealth than the wealthiest person in the world, etc. etc. Once you have made the list, see if there is anything basic to all of them? Is there any basic aspiration of yours behind all your wants? This is an exercise worth doing to find out your basic aspiration?

There are two basic aspirations of every human being: continuous happiness and prosperity. These are the bases of all our aspirations and the efforts that go towards achieving these.

Exploring Happiness and Prosperity

The state/situation in which I live, if there is harmony/synergy in it, then I like to be in that state or situation. i.e. To be in a state of liking is happiness.

When we are in such a state of happiness we experience no struggle, no contradiction or conflict within and we enjoy such a state of being. And we wish to have its continuity.

On the other hand, when we experience feelings such as failure, disrespect, lack of confidence,being doubtful in ourselves or about others, we feel unhappy as they are states of conflict. These are the states when there is lack of harmony, either within us or between us and others. We do not wish for a continuation of these feelings within and want to try and change them we can call this unhappiness.

Contd.
The state/situation in which I live, if there is conflict/contradiction in it, then I do not like to be in that state or situation. i.e. To be in a state of disliking is unhappiness Thus, we can define happiness and unhappiness as To be in a state of harmony is happiness. To be in a state of disharmony or contradiction is unhappiness

In addition to happiness, we also aspire for the need for physical facilities. Physical facilities are the material things we use to fulfil the needs of the body. When we have enough of physical facilities, it gives us the feeling of prosperity. We want to have a continuity of this feeling too. Nobody wants to feel deprived, even for a single moment.

Prosperity
Prosperity: is the feeling of having or producing more than required physical facilities. To ascertain prosperity, two things are essential: a. Correct assessment of need for physical facilities, and b. The competence of making available more than required physical facilities (through production)

Understanding Prosperity
The difference between wealth and prosperity. Is there a difference? For example: Lets assume I have a lot of wealth; a lot of money. You come to my house, and I get worried that you may stay back longer than expected and I might have to feed you, tea, snacks or even a meal. It is a funny situation, but it happens. .

What would we call this state? A person has a lot of money, but does not want to share even a bit of it. The person has wealth, but feels deprived; in other words the person does not have a feeling of being prosperous. If he/she felt prosperous, he/she would have shared what he/she has, since there is more than enough wealth anyway. On the other hand someone who does not have a lot of wealth may welcome you into his/ her house and ask you to stay back for a few days and help you out. This is an indication of feeling prosperous

Difference
Wealth is a physical thing. It means, having money, or having a lot of physical facilities, or both. Prosperity: Is a feeling of having more than required. Prosperity is a feeling of having more than required physical facilities; it is not just physical facilities.

Summary
Continuous happiness and prosperity are the basic human aspirations. This can be verified to be true by each one of us. Happiness may be defined as being in harmony/synergy in the states/situations that I live in. Unhappiness is a lack of this synergy or harmony. Prosperity is a feeling of having or producing more than required physical facilities.

Contd.
Prosperity is a feeling; it is not just physical facility. It is to be distinguished from wealth. In order to be prosperous, we need to a) Identify how much is required b) Have/produce more than the requirement. Lack of right understanding of happiness and prosperity has led us into a variety of problems at different levels of our living, be it at the level of individual, or family, or society or nature.