PowerPoint Presentation

Chapter 3
Hydraulic System Fundamentals
Hydraulic Principles Hydraulic System Pressure Supplements Hydraulic Means of Transmission Fluid Power System Diagrams

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Liquid takes the shape of any container it is in, but only as much volume as it can fill.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

In a hydraulic system, liquid can transmit energy because it is almost completely incompressible.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Pascals law can be applied during the transmission of energy in a hydraulic system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Laminar flow is preferred in fluid power systems over turbulent flow because it is more efficient and loses less energy.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Volume is the three-dimensional space of an object measured in cubic units.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Fluids that are thick and flow with difficulty have high viscosity, while liquids that are thin and flow easily have low viscosity.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A Saybolt viscometer is a test instrument used to measure fluid viscosity.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A flow meter is a meter that is used to measure the flow of fluid (in gpm) within a system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Resistance to fluid flow generates friction and the resulting energy is converted into heat.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Fluids follow the path of least resistance, thus the cylinder with the least amount of load on it extends first.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Velocity is the speed of fluid flow through a hydraulic line in feet per second.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

The velocity of a fluid increases at any restriction in the piping or component if the flow rate remains the same in the system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A relief valve sets the maximum operating pressure in a hydraulic system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

When there is too much resistance, pressure increases until the weakest point in the system fails and bursts.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Accumulators are categorized as mechanical or gas charged.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A force multiplication system allows the force applied on one cylinder to be increased on another cylinder.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

An intensifier converts low-pressure, high-flow hydraulic fluid to highpressure, low-flow hydraulic fluid.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A hydraulic power unit is a self-contained unit that contains all the equipment required to create fluid flow.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A custom-designed power unit is often housed in a separate facility known as a pumproom or pumphouse.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

The two types of pipes that are used in hydraulic system applications are black and stainless steel.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

The three common pipe schedules that are used in fluid power applications are schedule 40, schedule 80, and schedule 160.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Piping is typically welded to flanges, with the flanges bolted together.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

The two types of pipe threaders are handheld pipe threaders and pipethreading machines.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Male pipe threads are cut at the ends of a pipe to ensure a proper connection with the pipe fitting.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Leave a couple of the end pipe threads free from pipe thread sealant to ensure that it does not contaminate the system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A flared fitting is connected to tubing in which the end is spread outward.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A flared fitting is tightened by using a torque wrench or by turning the fitting nut while observing witness marks.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Flareless tube compression fittings create a seal with a ferrule.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Tubing is typically bent to reduce strain from vibration and to compensate for thermal expansion that is caused by heated liquid.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Hoses are fabricated in layers for use in high-pressure hydraulic systems.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Two types of connection fittings for hoses are threaded fittings and quick-disconnect fittings.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

Hoses are installed to avoid excessively short lengths, sharp bends, and twists.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A pictorial diagram is a graphic representation that shows how devices interconnect in a fluid power system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A cutaway diagram shows the internal details of components and the path of fluid flow.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

A schematic diagram uses standardized lines and shapes with interconnecting lines to represent the function of each component in a system.

Chapter 3 Hydraulic System Fundamentals

The different lines used in schematic diagrams are standardized to represent various types of working pipes.