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Trademarks
IBM, DFSMS/VM, Java and all Java-based Hipersockets, z/OS, zSeries, trademarks are trademarks of z/VM, GDPS, Parallel Sysplex Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the and Tivoli are trademarks of United States, other countries, International Business or both. Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, Other company, product or or both. service names may be trademarks or service marks of Microsoft and Windows are others. trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
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Objectives
What we should be able to do:
Describe z/VM is and its benefits as an operating system Describe a virtual machine and what it does Describe the differences between a first level guest and a second level guest
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Objectives continued
Define the following, note their differences, and tell how each is used:
SAF IFL LPAR
Describe the three different types of operating environments for z/VM Describe the conditions that led to the development of virtualization technology
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What is z/VM?
An operating system (VM = virtual machine) A hypervisor, which refers to a system that virtualizes the real hardware environment Runs on the zSeries architecture created by IBM Latest version is Version 4, Release 4
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Planning Purchasing
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Processor Virtualization
The central processor is the core for:
The The
Virtualization features:
Makes
the guest operating system believe that it has exclusive control of the processors
Actually
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Memory Virtualization
This diagram shows the translation process. Several different levels of translation are needed:
Machine Physical Virtual
memory
memory
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Storage Virtualization
Physical Storage Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD) are the main storage device
Minidisks These
Virtual Storage
Virtual
are the partitions of the DASD storage device are the physical storage devices that can be virtualized to obtain virtual storage devices
disks are high speed disks that perform and are capable of the same operations as the physical storage devices
If
storage increase performance and can increase total size of storage devices
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I/O Virtualization
I/O devices that can be virtualized:
Ethernet NIC (network interface card) Game port controller Serial controller (COM) Parallel controller (LPT) Keyboard controller Video adapter Mouse and keyboard Console interface
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Examples of Virtualization-VTAPES
Virtual tapes
You can define and use virtual tape drives as if they were real tape drives Like real tapes, virtual tapes can be:
Mounted Written Rewound Read Unloaded
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Consolidates resources
Cuts down on physical resources and space Condenses many operating systems into one server
Increased performance
Enhancement for z/VM 4.3 is its Timer Management Reduces bottlenecks and increases performance
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Operating Environments
Logical Partitions (LPAR)
Hardware partitioning that enables up to 30 "logical partitions in the z/Architecture Each LPAR runs a separate operating system Each LPAR can run a different operating system
zSeries virtualization technology Supports large numbers of Linux images and other operating systems
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Indicate a significant change in capabilities May also change the software price Indicate that an incremental change has been implemented Indicate a service release or update
Release changes:
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Connectivity Enhancements
Multicast support for HiperSockets Simulation of a QDIO network adapter
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Key Concepts
Virtual machines emulates hardware and allows multiple users to use the same hardware components The importance of virtual machines:
Virtual machines (VM) run as they were running on the real processor
Can use hardware that does not have to exist in the real system by simulation and virtualization
Virtual Machines can share a single copy of an application
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With virtualization technology, z/VM users can easily create many virtual machines consisting of:
Virtualized processors Virtualized memory Virtualized storage Virtualized I/O resources
These can reduce administration costs and the overhead of planning, purchasing, and installing new hardware to support new workloads.
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Conclusion
While z/VM has proven itself as an advanced technology, cost effective tool for server consolidation for over 30 years, the advent of Linux running on IBM mainframes has created a new awareness and new demand for the power and flexibility of the IBM virtualization operating system. z/VM provides not only the ability to share hardware and software resources, it also gives the users maximum flexibility to respond to todays business challenges.
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Glossary
Conversational Monitor System (CMS)- A component of z/VM that runs in a virtual machine and provides both the interactive z/VM end-user interface and the general z/VM application programming interface. CMS runs only under the control of the z/VM Control Program (CP). Control Program (CP)- A component of z/VM that manages the resources of a single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist. Each apparent system, or virtual machine, is the functional equivalent of the real computer, and CP simulates the real machine architecture in the virtual machine. Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)- A mass storage medium in which the data access time is effectively independent of the data location. Analogous to the hard drive in a personal computer system. HiperSockets- A hardware channel that provides high-speed TCP/IP communication between logical partitions (LPARs) on the same IBM zSeries server. It uses an adaptation of the queued direct I/O (QDIO) architecture. Hypervisor- has the ability to present virtual images of hardware control using Control Program (CP) commands. Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)- a dedicated processor that handles Linuxonly workloads
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Glossary continued
Logical PARtition (LPAR)- A subset of the processor hardware that is defined to support the operation of a system control program (operating system). Minidisks- a logical subdivision of a direct access storage device. OS/390- an operating system on the S/390 architecture. Queued Direct I/O (QDIO)- A hardware channel architecture for direct data exchange with I/O devices, where both the I/O device and the program running on the server refer to main storage directly through a set of data queues. The QDIO architecture is used by Open Systems Adapter-Express (OSA-Express), HiperSockets, and Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) channels. Remote Access Control Facility (RACF)- a mainframe security product that can run on z/VM. Real machine refers to a single operating system that has exclusive usage of the underlying hardware system. Personal computers operate as real machines.
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Glossary continued
Release- an incremental set of changes to a level of software. Restructured EXtended eXecutor (REXX)- a programming language that uses English-language like statements. System 360- the first mainframe architecture, which was created to run multiple discrete workloads. Transaction Processing Facility (TPF)- an operating system that provides real time, high volume transaction processing capability. Version- a significant change in software product capability. May be associated with an increase in software price. Virtualization- A technology that facilitates the creation of many virtual machines, consisting of virtualized processors, communications, storage, and I/O resources, on a single hardware system. The technology allows virtual machines to use hardware components, but they are indirectly accessed through virtualization.
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Glossary continued
Virtual images- copies of hardware that reflect the underlying system architecture. Virtual machine- (1) A virtual data processing system that appears to be at the exclusive disposal of a particular user, but whose functions are accomplished by sharing the resources of a real data processing system. (2) In z/VM, the virtual processors, virtual storage, virtual devices, and virtual channel subsystem that CP allocates to a single user. A virtual machine also includes any expanded storage dedicated to it. VM/ESA- An earlier version of z/VM for 31-bit architecture systems. Virtual Storage Extended/Enterprise System Architecture (VSE/ESA) - an operating system that runs on S/390 and 31-bit architecture-capable zSeries systems. Supports small and medium business applications.
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Glossary continued
z/Architecture- An IBM mainframe computer and operating system architecture that includes most of the facilities of S/390 and provides significant extensions such as 64-bit registers and addressing. z/OS- a mainframe operating system that supports both older COBOL-based applications and newer internet and Java-enabled applications, providing a comprehensive and diverse application execution environment. z/OS 1.4 is available on the Marist z900 server. z/OS.e- a specially-priced version of z/OS that provides select z/OS functions for the z800 and z890 processors. z/VM- an operating system that runs on zSeries mainframe servers. It takes advantage of the 64-bit capabilities of z/Architecture.