TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS

BY:-ABHINAV TRIPATHI CSE 6th SEM

* The transport layer is responsible for process to process delivery of entire message. * A process is nothing but the program running on host. * Computer often run several program at the same time for this reason source to destination delivery means delivery not only from one computer to next but also from a specific process on one computer to specific process of other computer .

*service point addressing:-Source to destination delivery means not only from one computer to next computer its mean from one specific process run on on computer to other process.For this reason it uses address called service address. *segmentation and reassembly:-It devides the message in transmittable segment.

* Connection control:- Transport layer protocol can be either connection less or connection oriented.In connection less each segment is act as independent packet while in connection oriented first connection is establish. *Flow control :- Tansport layer is responsible for flow control . *Error control:- Transport layer is responsible for error control .If error is occured then it can be removed only by retransmittion.

There are basically two types of protocols in transport layer 1.Connection oriented protocol:-In connection oriented protocols transport layer makes a connection with transport layer at the destination end. 2.Connection less protocol:- In connection less protocol each message segment is act as a independent packet and deliver it to the transport layer of destinaton end.

PROTOCOLS AT TRANSPORT LAYER

1.UDP(User Datagram Protocol) 2.TCP(Transmittion Control Protocol) 3.SCTP(Stream Control Transport Protocol) UDP:-It is Connection less unreliable transport protocol .It performs very limited error checking. In udp there is no ordering of message.Network application prefer UDP where small message is transmitted. USE OF UDP:* UDP is used for management processes such as SNMP.

*UDP is good for sending messages from one system to another when the order isn't important. *UDP must be used to multicast messages to more than one other machine at the same time.
TCP:- It is a connection oriented protocol of transport layer. It is highly reliable protocol . It is also process to process protocol . It creates a connection between sender and receiver . It uses error control mechanism at the transport layer. TCP establishes a full duplex virtual connection between two endpoints . TCP, unlike UDP, is a Stream-oriented protocol.

TCP SERVICES

Process-to-Process Communication * Like UDP, TCP provides process-to-process communication using port numbers. Stream Delivery Service * TCP, unlike UDP, is a stream-oriented protocol. In UDP . * Sends messages, with predefined boundaries, to UDP for delivery of message to destination.

Sending and Receiving Buffers * Because the sending and the receiving processes may not write or read data at the same speed, TCP needs buffers for storage. * There are two buffers, the sending buffer and the receiving buffer, one for each direction. Reliable Service * TCP is a reliable transport protocol. It uses an acknowledgment mechanism.

SCTP:* Stream control transmission protocol is a new reliable , message oriented transport layer protocol . SCTP however is mostly used for internet application.It combines the best features of both UDP and TCP protocols.It can detects the lost data,incorrect data. SCTP Services * Process-to-Process Communication SCTP uses all well-known ports in the TCP space

Multiple Streams * It can able to transmit multiple streams to each connection. Full-Duplex Communication * Like TCP, SCTP offers full-duplex service, in which data can flow in both directions at the same time. Each SCTP then has a sending and receiving buffer, and packets are sent in both directions.

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