Setting Out-Of-Step Blocking or Tripping Using Dynamic Simulations

Prepared by
Yofre Jacome COES Peru Charles Henville Henville Consulting Inc.

Western Protective Relaying Conference October, 2011

Overview

Power Swing and Out-Of-Step A Power Swing causes a Southern Peru blackout An example setting study using Dynamic Simulations and relay models in the same software Conclusions

Power Swing and Out-Of-Step

200

150

Angle (Degrees)

Loss of synchronism 100

50 Oscillations leading to stable equilibrium 0 0 1 2 time (s) 3 4 5

Power Swing and Out-Of-Step

Distance Relays
P1 P2

P3

P1 : Steady state stability limit P2 : Transient stability limit P3 : Loss of synchronism

4

Power Swing and Out-Of-Step

X Power Swing
Power Swing

Out-Of-Step

Out-Of-Step

Power Swing and Out-Of-Step

A power Swing is Usually Considered as an Three Phase Phenomena
IR R
10 0 -10 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

t/s

IS R
10 0 -10 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

t/s

IT R
10 0 -10 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

t/s

VR R

0 -0.2 -50 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

t/s

VS R

0 -0.2 -50 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

t/s

VT R

0 -0.2 -50 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

t/s

A Trip During a Power Swing

North-Center area (SICN) of the Peruvian power system interconnection with the South area (SISUR),

Mantaro

Cotaruse
L-2051 L-2053 L-2054

Socabaya

SICN

L-2052

SISUR

300 km

300 km

A Trip During a Power Swing

L-2053 trips 3 phase simultaneously with single phase trip on line L-2054
Trigger 14/01/2010 02:41:57 p.m..593

SUM_CT_IL1/kA
1 0 -1 -2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Two phases carry the power that was in six

1.0 1.2

t/s

SUM_CT_IL2/kA
1 0 -1 -2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

t/s

SUM_CT_IL3/kA
1 0 -1 -2

-0.4

-0.2

-0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

t/s

LINE1_UL1/kV
100 0 -100 -200 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Out of step condition trips remaining two phases

t/s

LINE1_UL2/kV
100 0 -100 -200 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

t/s

LINE1_UL3/kV
100 0 -100 -200 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

t/s

A Trip During a Power Swing

The rate of change of apparent impedance slows down as the swing angle increases

Power Swing during the dead time of the single phase reclosing T

System wide review of power swing protection

Simulations carried out on power system model with relay models included
Simulates

system dynamic performance And also simulates relay performance in the same software

3 Phase fault near Mantaro

Power Swing

Load

Fault

21

21

11

L-2052 3 phase fault near Cotaruse

Fault with series capacitor by-passed Out-Of-Step

470 /sec Load

Fault with series capacitor in service

21

21

12

L-2054 3 phase fault near Cotaruse

Load
650 /sec Out-Of-Step

Fault with series Capacitor in service

Fault with series Capacitor by-passed

21

21

13

L-2054 3 phase fault near Socabaya

Power Swing

Load

Fault

21

21

14

Power swing blocking for external fault

Power swing impedance may remain in the first quadrant

Conclusions

Weakened transmission during single phase open conditions may cause a power swing Combined modeling of power system dynamics and relay performance enhances the settings process Knowing the rate of change of impedance allows trip and block timers to be set easily

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Conclusions

Out-Of-Step tripping must not be applied in all the lines. Separation points should be carefully chosen in order to save the system after out-of-step tripping.

As a result of the analysis of the event in the Peruvian Power System, and the Coordination Study. Power swing blocking and tripping functions were activated.

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Questions?

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