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Histology 10a

Gregory Rodocker
NSU
Class Taken: Spring 2009
Digestive tract
 Composed of
 Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small
and large intestines, rectum and anus
 Associated glands such as the salivary
glands, liver and pancreas
 Digests and absorbs food for the entire
body
General Structure
 Composed of four layers
 mucosa,
 Submucosa
 Muscularis
 Serosa
Mucosa
 Composed of
 An inner epithelial layer peculiar and appropriate
to the regions
 A lamina propria composed of loose CT
 A muscularis mucosae of smooth muscle
 An inner circular layer
 An outer longitudinal layer
 Known collectively as the mucous
membrane
Submucosa
 Composed of
 Dense CT
 Many blood and lymph vessels
 Submucosal nerve plexus (Meissner’s)
 (glands and lymphoid tissue)
Muscularis
 Smooth muscle layer
 Inner circular
 Outer longitudinal
 Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach’s)
between two layers
 Blood vessels and lymph vessels
between two layers
Serosa
 Composed of
 Thin layer of loose CT
 Blood vessels and lymph vessels
 Adipose tissue
 A thin epithelium called the mesothelium
Chagas Disease
 Between 16 to 18 million people worldwide
have Chagas disease, and although most
are in South America, the number of cases
in the US is growing. Chagas disease is an
incurable infectious disease, and its long-
term sequelae include cardiomyopathy,
megaesophagus and megacolon. Important
in these complications is the fact that
Trypanosoma cruzi , the infective agent of
Chagas disease, invades myocytes,
neurons and glial cells.
Megacolon/megaesophalus

Chagas Disease
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative
organism of American trypanosomiasis
attacks Auerbach’s plexus (proposed)
Triatome Bug
Romana’s Sign
Megacolon Man
Functions of the digestive tract
 Lubricate, digests and absorb foods
 Produce hormones for the control of
the tract
 Protect from infective agents in the gut
 Produce antibodies
 Propel food along tract
The oral cavity
 Various regions covered by keratinized
and non-keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
 Keratinized – gingiva and hard palate
 Nonkeratinized – soft palate, lips, cheeks
and floor of mouth
 Interesting transition can be seen in lips
where keratinized of skin changes into oral
nonkeratinized epithelium
Tongue
 Mass of striated muscle with fibers
running in at least three planes
 Lots of CT
 Dorsal surface marked by papillae
 Filiform – poorly developed in humans
 Fungiform – mushroom-shaped
 Circumvalate – largest
 Some have taste buds
Taste bud

Taste or gustatory
pore
Taste buds
 50 -100 cells with most being taste
cells with some supportive cells
 Located basally are basal cells relace
all cell types
 Sweet and bitter work via receptors
and bitter, sour and salty work via ion
channels
Esophagus
 Carries foodstuffs from the mouth to
the stomach
 Lined by nonkeratinized, stratified
squamous epithelium
 Upper third - striated muscle
 Middle third - striated and smooth
muscle
 Lower third – smooth muscle
Stomach
 Mix of exocrine and endocrine glandular
columnar epithelium
 Partitioned into four regions
 Cardiac
 Lysozyme?
 Fundus
 Body
 Pylorus
 Lysozyme?
Stomach wall
 The mucosa of the stomach is highly
folded resulting in gastric pits
 Stem cells - totipotent
 Mucous neck cells
 Oxyntic/parietal cells – HCl, intrinsic
factor (vitamin B-12)
 Mid to upper wall
 Chief/zymogenic cells – pepsinogen and
lipase
 Lower wall
Goblet cells - mucus

Parietal cells
Gastric gland of fundal
region

Chief/zymogenic cells
Oxyntic/Parietal Cell

Oxyntic from Gr. “sour”;


“make acidic”
Small Intestine
 Food digestion, absorption and
hormone production
 Composed of (5 meters)
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
Common features
 Plicae circulares
 Semilunar, circular and spiral fold of the
wall most obvious in the jejunum
 Intestinal villi
 Leaf-like (duodenal) or finger-like (ileal)
folds of the mucosa and lamina propria
 In between villi are pits called intestinal
glands or glands of Lieberkühn
Common features (cont’d)
 Glands contain stem cells, absorptive
cells, Paneth’s cells and
enteroendocrine cells
 Absorptive cells with microvilli
 Each cell with 3000, 1 mm2 contains 200
million
 Plicae increase SA 3X, villi increase SA 10X,
microvilli increase SA 20X equaling a 600X
increase in SA in SI equaling 200 m2 total SA
Common features (cont’d)
 Paneth’s cells produce lysozyme
 Lysozyme is a generic antibacterial
attacking the cell walls and capsids of
bacteria and viruses
 May serve role in controlling intestinal
flora
Duodenal glands in
submucosa

Brunner’s Glands
Alkaline mucus
 Note the blood
supply in the villus.
What do you think
happens to the
oxygen level as
blood makes it to
the tip?
 Note lacteals in the
villus
Large Intestine
 No villi
 Muscularis is modified
 Typical inner circular layer of muscle
 Outer longitudinal layer is congregated
into three bundles called the teniae coli
 What does that mean in a cross section of
the large intestines?
Cell renewal

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