TENSES

AND Prepared by:

Ms. CHANDAN MEET
T.G.T ENGLISH
DL DAV SHALIMAR
BAGH
This study material can be used by teachers
as well as students.
This material is basically meant for students
of class VII and can be used in modules for
class VI also.
This presentation enhances the grasping
power of the students as it not only provides
the definitions , structures and examples but
through their pictorial or animated description,
aids the teaching – learning process.
Exercises have been attached to each
concept so that students can apply the
concepts and check their understanding.
How to use these slides
To move in the main sequence (eg. To move
from simple present to simple past )PRESS
SPACE BAR.
To move to exercises , uses etc, click where
the direction is given. For example on words
like –
Use , exercise , exercise on simple present
etc.
WARNING : NEVER PRESS SPACE BAR
AFTER AN EXERCISE OR SLIDE OF USES
AS YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO COME
BACK TO THE MAIN SEQUENCE.
 Glossary
Here certain terms are explained to help you
understand better :
Verbs : Word used to express an action or
state.
V1 – First or base form of verb, eg. Do
V2 – Second or past form of verb, eg. did.
V3 – Third or past participle for of verb, eg.
Done.
page1
 GLOSSARY
SUB – SUBJECT – The part which names the person
or thing we are speaking about .

SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT (click on the

following to understand)

FOR SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FOR PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

FOR PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

What are tenses ?

Tenses describe an action

along with it’s time.
TIME CAN BE OF THREE
TYPES

PRESENT
P A S T
FUTURE
TENSES ARE

OF

TYPES
 Tenses

Perfect
Simple continuous

Continuous Perfect
AND 3 X 4 =

12
SO THERE ARE
12 TYPES
OF
TENSES
 SIMPLE PRESENT
This tense is used to describe actions
which take place in the present. But no
definite time is given.
SUB + V1 (s/es)
Examples :
Suresh writes neatly.
Mona plays football. uses
 SIMPLE PAST
1) Hi Rahul . Where 2) I went to my village.
were you 4) Oh ! I enjoyed so
yesterday? much that I didn’t
3) Did you enjoy ? want to return.

Simple past tense describes an action

that took place at a time in the past.

SUB + V2 (see the underlined

verbs)

exercise on simple past

 SIMPLE FUTURE
Lets go to a hill station It will be very cold.
next week. The snow is going to fall there.

Yes, all my friends Are your friends also going somewhere?

will go out of town .

Simple future describes an action which will take place at

a time in the future. : SUB + WILL/SHALL + V1
Eg. I shall play in the evening. (intention)
Brazil will win the match. (prediction)
Exercise on simple future
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
This tense describes actions which
continue or go on for some time in the
present
SUB + IS/AM/ARE + V1 + ING
Examples :
I am teaching grammar.
We are studying tenses.
Exercise on present continuous
 PAST CONTINUOUS
This tense describes actions which
continued or were going on for some
time in the past.
SUB + WAS / WERE + V1 + ING
Examples :
Children were playing in the park yesterday .
I was sleeping when you called. (extra ‘gyan’)
Exercise on past continuous
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS
This tense is used to describe actions
which continue for some time in the
future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + BE + V1 + ING
Examples :
I shall be packing for the journey later.
Mridul will be coming home in the
evening.
Exercise on future continuous
 PRESENT PERFECT
This tense is used for actions which start and finish in the
present time.

SUB + HAS / HAVE + V3

It is used in the following circumstances:

7. When an action is completed in the near present
or just now. Click on example to understand .
• When an action started earlier and continued up till the
moment of speaking. Click on example to understand .
• When an action happened earlier but its effect is there in the
present. Click on example to understand .

exercise on present perfect

 Past perfect
This tense is used for actions that finished in the
past ,but even before another action in past only.

SUB + HAD + V3
Example : I had solved the sum when the class
began.

sum solved class began now

_____|_________________|____________|
10 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 11 a.m.
past in past past present
<- time line - >
USE (click to understand)
 FUTURE PE RFE CT
This tense is used for actions which
will finish by a certain time in future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL +HAVE + V3

Example : I shall have finished the

painting by Wednesday.
Sunday Tuesday wednesday
|---------------------|--------------------|
Time of speaking painting
finished
< ---------time line---------- >

exercise
 PRESEN T PERFECT
CO NTI NUOUS
This tense is used for actions which started
earlier and are going on in the present. (no
information about when they will finish is
given)

SUB + HAS / HAVE + V1 + ING

Example : I have been playing for two hours.

Click here to understand better

Past perfect continuous
• This tense is used to
describe actions that
started at a time in the
past and continued for
sometime in the past
only.
• SUB + HAD + BEEN +
V1 + ING
• I had been working for
ten hours before leaving
the office.

Exercise on past perfect continuous

 Future perfect continuous
This tense is used when before a
particular time in the future, an action
starts and continues after that time
also.

SUB + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + BEEN +

V1 + ING

Click here to understand

end show
 YOUR ROUTINE

You go to school You study till 1

by bus. p.m.

You sleep at 10
You play in
p.m.
the evening.
 PROVERBS
LIKES / DISLIKES All that glitters is not
gold.
HABITS
I study at 4P.M. in the
evening.
UNVERSAL TRUTHS
I LIKE RAINBOWS
The Sun rises in the East.

Back
Exercise on simple present
I ENJOY DANCING
 US E O F PAST C ONT INU OU S

Past continuous is also used to describe a

time period within which an action took place.
Example : Ramesh was studying when
Rohan returned.

Rohan returned
--------------------|---------------------------------------

< ---time period for which Ramesh was studying--->

back
 Exercise on simple
present
Describe your routine.
Example :
I get up at 5 in the morning . I reach
school by 7.30 and study till 1 P.M. in
the afternoon.
back
 Exercise on simple past tense

Describe what you did yesterday with

second or past form of following verbs :

study
sleep
go
play help
back
 Answer the following questions using the
structure of simple future tense :

• What will you do in your holidays?

eg. I shall sleep a lot during my holidays.
3. Will you study a little bit?
4. Will you join some hobby classes ?

back
 Use the following words and form
sentences of the actions going on in
the picture:
Subject : boy , bird , teacher
Exercise on present Verb : write , teach , fly
continuous back
EXERCISE ON PAST CONTINUOUS

This is a picture of the

party you attended
yesterday. Now describe to
your friend what was going
o n in the party.
Eg. Uncle Tom was
snoring in the middle of
the party.
back
Exercise
on
Future
continuous

Identify the use of simple future

and future continuous in the
paragraph given above.
back
Difference between simple future and future continuous
 Simple future and continuous
Simple future describes Future continuous is
an action which will take used when an action is
described in relation to
place in future. a future time around
Example : which that action will be
I will bake a cake in the going on.
evening. Example :
I shall study on Sunday. When you return, I will be
baking a cake.
Don’t come on Sunday as
I shall be studying .
back
I have completed the
answer just now.

back
Oh hello M r. Dubey ! I Oh yes. I got a job
have seen you after in Goa in 1997.
such a long time. We have lived there
Last time I saw you in
for ten years .
1997

back
A truck has hit my car

back
 Exercise on present perfect

State whether correct or incorrect :

2) I have seen the Taj Mahal yesterday.
a) correct b) incorrect
2) She have gone just now.
a) correct b) incorrect
3) Puja is having a car.
a) correct b) incorrect
4) They have left just now.
a) correct b) incorrect back
 started still continue
playing playing playing
|-----|-----------------------|---------------------- >
2 p.m. -> 4 p.m.
(time of speaking)
Use of since and for
exercise
back
BRAVO !

BACK
BACK
You have done it again !

back
Marvelous !

back
 Oops!
‘ I have seen the Taj Mahal yesterday.’
Here ‘have seen’ refers to present time
and the word ‘yesterday’ to past and
both cannot come together in one
sentence.
The correct sentence is :
I have seen the Taj Mahal. Or
I saw the Taj Mahal yesterday.
back
 Try again

‘She have gone to

Australia’

Along with singular third

person pronoun( she)
we use has and not
have
Correct sentence:
She has gone to Australia. BACK
 BETTER LUCK NEXT TIME !
INCORRECT CORRECT
‘Puja is having a car’ ‘Puja has a car.’
In sentences related to
Possession
Having means the
Relationship
action of eating.
Health
has / have is used.
Eg :
back I have a book.
She has a brother.
WHY
?

BACK
 7 Use
p.m.of past perfect tense Use of past perfect
Food 9 p.m.
9 p.m.
cooked

back

exercise

7 p.m.
Guests arrived

•When there are two actions, both in past, then past perfect
tense is used to describe the action which took place first
and simple past tense is used to describe the action which
took place later.
•Example : John had cooked (past perfect) the meal when the
guests arrived(simple past).
 Exercise on past perfect
Join the sentences using past perfect tense:

Eg. I reached the station (8 a.m.). The train left (7: 50

a.m.)
Answer : The train had left when I reached the station.

I completed the essay (10 a.m.). The bell rang (10:05

a.m.).
The movie began (3 p.m.). Arun reached the theatre
(3:30 p.m.) .
The doctor arrived (5 a.m.). The patient died (4 a.m.).
back
 Exercise on future perfect
Match the columns and make complete sentences :
1) W hen my parents a) Before the party
return begins
2) The cake will have b) Before we reach the
finished theatre
3) The movie will c) I shall have gone to
have begun sleep
4) In fifty years d) When the school
5) I shall have read reopens
the book e) Man will have made
homes on the Moon
back
 Exercise on present perfect
continuous
Rewrite the following sentences using
present perfect continuous along with since
or for :

Eg . Children are writing the answer.

began(9 a.m.) now (11 a.m.)
Children have been writing the answer for 2 hrs.
f) The workers are digging the road.
began(morning) now(?)
h) The company is constructing a bridge.
began(2005) now(?)
j) Rahul is painting. Began(2 p.m.) now(5p.m.)
back
 Difference between since and for
SINCE FOR

 Since is used when we  For is used when we know

know only the point in the point when the action
time when the action began and the period for
began which it continued
Eg. Morning , Monday, Eg. Two hours, 10 days,century
1997 etc.  It answers the following
 It shows the time when question
the action began For how much time did the
For example : action continue ?
I have been studying since Eg. I have been studying for
morning. five days.
Studied for how much
Studied for how much time? 5 days back
Time ? DON’T KNOW
With the help of the hints given form sentences using
past perfect continuous :

a) Cleaning – afternoon c) working on the

computer - Monday

b) Howling – 5 hours d) reading – ten days

back
The worker will have been digging the ground before
the vehicles start coming.

|--------|-------------------|---------------------------------------------- >
7 a.m. 9 a.m. Continues digging
starts digging vehicles after vehicles come
come

Exercise back
 Exercise on future perfect
continuous
Join the hints to form complete sentences
1
c) I Running --- the race--- b) he finish

I shall have been running when he

finishes the race.
Click for next
 2

c) Neeta sleeping b) we return

3
a) The teacher teaching ---the class----b) you reach

back
 SUBJECT-VERB AGREMENT FOR SIMPLE
PRESENT

PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL

1st person
(the person speaking)
Bare verb Bare verb
I play We play
2nd person
(the person spoken to)
Bare verb Bare verb
You play You play
3rd person
(the person spoken to)
Verb + s/es Bare verb
He/she/ it/ name plays
They play
back
 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PERSON VERB
1st person Am + verb + ing
I / we Am painting
2nd person Are + verb + ing
You Are
3rd person Is/are + verb +ing
He/she/ it/ they/ name He/she/it/name is
painting.
They are painting.
back
 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PAST
CONTINUOUS

Person Singular Plural

1st I was We were

2nd You were You were

3rd He/she/it/ They were

name was

back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT
PERFECT

PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL

1ST I have We have

2nd You have You have

3rd He/she/it/ They have

name has
back
Thank
you !