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Unit 5
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008 Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
5.1
Objectives
Understand the goals and architecture of IMS/TM (Transaction Management) Learn the LTERM concept and how it relates to messages, message types and queues Learn how IMSGEN control blocks required for TM are coded and maintained Know the how IMSGEN control blocks, PSB and MFS control blocks are used in TM Understand the Master Terminal Operator and IMS terminal commands Understand IMS system security, integrity and maintenance functions
DL/I Modules
DL/I Modules
DL/I Modules
Data Buffers
Data Buffers
Data Buffers
Database (A)
System Log
Database (B)
System Log
Database (C)
System Log
Goals of IMS/TM
Provide high-volume, rapid response transaction management processing for application programs accessing
IMS/DB database (full function and Fast Path) DB2 tables
IMS/TM Architecture
MASTER TERMINA L
USER TERMINA LS
z/OS
IMSCTL
Control Region
DBRC
Recovery Control
DLISAS
DL/I Subordinate Address Space DL/I ACTION MODULES
MPR
Message Processing Region APPL PGM
BMP
Batch Message Processing APPL PGM
IFP
Fast Path Region APPL PGM
LOG CTL
LOGGING/ RESTART
MSG QUEUE
RECON
CORPORATE DATABASES
LOGICAL TERMINAL
ABC
APPLICATION PROGRAM
'ANYPGM'
MESSAGES
PHYSICAL TERMINAL
LOGICAL TERMINAL
XYZ
PHYSICAL TERMINAL
3
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
Message Types
Transactions
TRANcode (PASSWORD) 1 8 9 18 text 19 n
Originate from terminal (most IMS/TM activity) Can originate from another application-program via "program-switch"
Message-switches
LTERMnme (PASSWORD) 1 8 9 18
text 19
Commands
/ COMMAND-VERB 1 2
(PASSWORD)
text n
Mostly entered by MTO Some commands may be entered from user terminals
Message-Switches
Commands
/checkpoint freeze /start line 5 pterm 2 /change(zzzyyx) password 999888 to password 888999
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
Message Queue (1 of 2)
LOGICAL TERMINAL
(LTERM)
z/OS
IMS/TM IMS/MPR1
GET FROM
IMS/MPR2
GET FROM QUEUE
QUEUE
QUEUE MANAGER
INSERT
......
INSERT TO QUEUE
......
QUEUE BUFFERS
Message Queue (2 of 2)
1. INPUT TRANSACTIONS are QUEUEd by:
MSG1 (LTERMA) X MSG2 (LTERMB) Y MSG5 (LTERMZ) Y MSG6 (LTERMA) Y
TRAN
TRAN
MESSAGE-QUEUE BUFFERS (Control Region) MSG1 RPL1 RPL3 MSG6 MSG2 RPL2 MSG5 MSG4 MSG7 MSG3
LTERMB
RPL2 (Y)
TYPE=TP TYPE=DB
DB
Used to read or update a database - same as IMS db.
Logical Structures
APPLICATION PROGRAM:
MASK
(TP-) IOPCB
MASK
ALT IOPCB
100
INVPGM
00100
00200
00010
200
MODNAME
1000
100
99
200
789
10
1000
No program is involved
Using Program-control:
Format screen using output message from a program CALL 'CBLTDLI' USING ISRT IO-PCB IO-AREA PAYMENU
Message that is written to queue contains MOD name to be used to map a DOF (screen-format) name
MOD...
SFIN00
MSG
MFLD MFLD MFLD MFLD MFLD MFLD MSGEND
TYPE=INPUT,SOR=SFIL00,OPT=2, NXT=SF00 TRANCD,LTH=6,FILL=NULL TYPESEG,LTH=1,JUST=L, FILL=C' ' SNE, LTH=18,JUST=L, FILL=C' ' DEGREE, LTH=1, JUST=L, FILL=C' ' SUBJECT, LTH=15, JUST=L,FILL=C' ' CDATE,LTH=4, JUST=L,FILL=C' '
Creates MID...
MFS - Source
SFIL00 SFIL00 FMT DEV TYPE=(3270,2) ,FEAT=IGNORE, Creates PFK=(TRANCD,'CONVA '), DIF/DOF... DSCA=X'00A0' DIV TYPE=INOUT DPAGE CURSOR=((5,7)) DFLD 'SKILL INVENTORY UPDATE',POS=(2,30),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD 'TYPE',POS=(5,2), ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(5,7), LTH=1 DFLD 'SKILL/EMPLOYEE/COURSE',POS=(7,2),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(7,24),LTH=18 DFLD 'DEGREE',POS=(9,2),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(9,9),LTH=1 DFLD 'SUBJECT',POS=(11,2),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(9,9),LTH=1 DFLD 'COMPLETION DATE',POS=(13,2),ATTR=( NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(13,18),LTH=4 DFLD 'CURRENT SKILL',POS=(15,2),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(15,16),LTH=8 DFLD 'CURRENT NAME',POS=(15,25),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(15,39),LTH=6 DFLD 'RESULT',POS=(17,2),ATTR=(NUM,PROT,HI) DFLD POS=(17,9),LTH=50 DFLD 'USE PF KEY 1 TO BEGIN THE CONVERSATION',POS=(23,2) FMTEND
END /*
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATION LINES/NODES
SCHEDULING
TRANSACTION S AND PROGRAMS
INTEGRITY
CHECKPOIN T/ RESTART
PHYSICAL TERMINALS
MESSAGE REGIONS
LOGICAL TERMINALS
DATABASE(S)
SYSTEM STATUS
Terminal Commands
MASTER Terminal: /NRESTART "Normal" /ERESTART "Emergency" /CHECKPOINT /DISPLAY /ASSIGN /CHANGE /STOP and /START /SIGN ON USERID PAYROLL /SIGNOFF /IAM LTERM PAYROLL /LOCK LTERM PAYROLL REMOTE Terminal:
/BROADCAST NODE ALL PAYROLL DATABASE UNAVAILABLE UNTIL 2:00PM /RMLIST DBRC='DB DBD(DIVNTZ04) DBDS' /DBDUMP /DBRECOVERY
/HOLD /RELEASE CONV 004 /EXIT /FORMAT PAYMENU /TEST /EXCLUSIVE /RDISPLAY MASTER
/RCLSDST
IMS Security
What Can be Secured? Terminals, Passwords, USERID Sign-on Verification
Transactions Databases (Logical and Physical) Commands
IMS Security Maintenance Utility (SMU) maintains a dual "matrix" for security: Protects IMS Resources/Objects
IMS-provided Internal Security
REC101
T E
SAL102 INV105
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
INV106
INV107
1
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
P A S S W O
PSWD01
PSWD02 PSWD05
1 1
R
D
PSWD06
Program Isolation
Automatic backout for program ABENDs Data Sharing by multiple programs
Normal Restart
Start with unprocessed input/output from previous execution
DBRC
DB Recovery Control Buffers
DLISAS
DL/I Subordinate Address Space
SLDS1 SLDS2
RLDS1
RLDS2
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
Consists of multiple data sets Allows IMS/TM to continue logging when an "OLDS switch" occurs because of the following:
OLDS is full I/O error while writing to an OLDS Operator commands /DBR or /DBD
Written in a "wrap-around" manner Can be archived automatically to the System Log Data Set (SLDS)
2a. SHARE-CONTROL since IMS 6.1 includes RECOVERYCONTROL functions of earlier releases
can assist in database integrity and recovery Database "registration" by database data set Monitors Database Image Copies (ICs), Change Accumulations (CAs), Recoveries (DBRs) Automatic JCL generation of needed job-streams
There is no DBRC or IMS "parm" that determines Log-Control vs. Share Control Share Control is in effect for individual databases once they are "registered"
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
//DFSOLP00
RECON OLDS 2 STATUS: IN USE PRIOLD SECOLD PRISLD SECSLD OLDS 3 STATUS: AVAILABLE PRILOG SECLOG
//DFSOLP01
//DFSOLP02
. . .
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
Program Isolation
Program "Isolation" (PI) facility is the original IMS Lock manager: Allows multiple online programs to process the same database for update while preserving integrity Dynamic Backout facility: Deadlock Detection:
PROG-A 'GHU' DBR SEGM-A REPL-A 'GHU' DBR SEGM-B
PI selects "loser" transaction for "pseudo"-ABEND and dynamic backout; re-schedules it later...
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
EMERGENCY
5. Continue processing
z/OS IMS/TM DBRC DLISAS
MESSAGE QUEUE(S)
RECON
DATABASE(S)
System
Application
Terminal Network
Recovery is initiated via IMS Commands Executed in parallel with other online IMS activity A new function of the Control Region Timestamp recovery to allocation boundaries or any prior point in time Recover multiple DL/I database data sets and FP areas in a single pass of the IMS log
RECON
...
...
DLI/SAS DL/I DBDS
...
Change Accum
...
Image Copy
...
Components
Database Recovery Manager
Driven by the IMS Command Processor to process recovery related commands Creates the Recovery Data Manager address space Establishes communication with the Recovery Data Manager Receives log data from the Recovery Data Manager Applies updates to the database data sets and areas Coordinates recovery termination and Database Recovery Facility participation in IMS shutdown processing Started when the first recovery command is entered Restores image copies, if required, with change accumulation data, if available Reads log data and processes records related to this recovery Merges log data into a recovery stream
DBRC
Maintains recovery related information All resources required for recovery must be registered to DBRC Validates recovery initiation and results
Copyright IBM Corporation 2008
Recover Command
/RECOVER ADD
Identifies the database data sets and areas Builds a 'recovery list'
/RECOVER REMOVE
Eliminates database data sets and areas from the 'recovery list'
/RECOVER START
Initiates recovery
/RECOVER STOP
Aborts recovery
/RECOVER TERMINATE
Cleans up Recovery Data Manager address space
Unit Summary
IMS/TM supports the RAS (Reliability, Availability & Serviceability) characteristics for application transaction processing programs LTERMs isolate messages, message types, queues and program processes from physical terminal characteristics IMSGEN, PSB and MFS control blocks are used in different aspects of TM Master Terminal Operation capabilities and IMS terminal commands are available to control and maintain transaction systems IMS system security, integrity and maintenance functions exist ETO and DRF are additional cost options/tools that extend the capability of IMS