EDU3103 LEARNING & THE LEARNER

TOPIC 2
Concept of Teaching and Learning

Definition of Learning
The latest gains in the field of brain research cast a new light upon learning process, which impacts curriculum design, teacher preparation, and classroom practices.
Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 1999

Definition of Learning
Actively Involved - participates in instruction. Patterns & Connections - make meaning of learning situations. Learning is Informal - can be acquired anywhere & any time. Direct Experience - real context to alter preconceived notions. Compelling situation - more challenging and interesting Frequent Feedback - students get feedback from teachers or peers

MODELS OF LEARNING
SUBJECT TEACHING LEARNING GRADES

Linear Model

MODELS OF LEARNING
SUBJECT

TEACHING

OUTCOMES

LEARNING

CYCLE MODEL

MODELS OF LEARNING
NEEDED SKILL

PROCESS DESIGN

LEARNING

TEACHING (FACILITATING) Ideal model

Definition of Learning
Compelling situation - more challenging and interesting Frequent Feedback - students get feedback from teachers or peers Enjoyable Settings - involves personal interactions. Reflections - reach the point of deeper learning

Types of Learning
Gagnes Principles
http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/tyna/gagne.html
Gagne,R. 1985. The conditions of learning(4th ed.) New York:Rinehart and Winston. Gagne, R., Briggs, L. & Wagner W. 1988. Principles of Instructional Design: New York:Rinehart and Winston.

Types of Learning (Gagne)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Intellectual Skills Cognitive Skills Verbal Information Motor Skills Attitude

Intellectual Skills
Discrimination -distinguish objects, features or symbols Concrete Concepts -identifying classes, objects, features or events Define Concepts -classifying new examples of events or ideas by their definition

Intellectual Skills
Rules -applying a single relationship to solve a class of problems

Higher Order Rules -applying a new combination of rules to solve complex problem

Cognitive Skills
Employing personal ways to guide learning, thinking, acting, and feelings
Example: Devising a plan to improve the condition of a classroom. How to beautify it?

Verbal Information
Stating previously learned materials such as facts, concepts, principles and procedures Example: Listing the 5 things that qualify a living thing.

Motor Skills
Executing performances involving the use muscles. Example: Jump like a frog

Attitude
Choosing personal actions based on internal states of understanding and feelings. Example: Sleep early to get enough rest so as to be able to concentrate while the teacher teaches.

GROUP 2 and others

1.Summarize contents from lecture and references. Draw a concept map/graphic organizer Do a class presentation. 2.Do a search on principles of learning from various resources (internet, journals, etc.) -compare and contract these principles of learning of Gagne with other principles. -Tabulate the comparison -Carry out activities to show understanding of the topic.

Students summarise main points in graphic organizers and keep in portfolio Preparation for next tutorial: Students discuss and compare contrast different views of behaviorist theorists such as Watson, Pavlov dan Thorndike related to how organismisme or human learn. Suggest activities to assess the understanding of the topic among peers.

Woolfolk,A. (2004) Educational Psychology(9th ed).New Jersey:Prentice Hall.

http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/tyna/gagne.html www.intime.uni.edu/model/learning/lear.html

Thank You