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Social
Structures that are created to satisfy a particular social need or needs. Examples are:
Family Politics Sports Economics Education Religion
The
family is the most important of all social institutions. The family is very difficult to define, but every society have its own social institution of family.
Functions of a Family
Reproductive/Procreates
bear children for new generation, society can not survive. Regulates Sexual Activity teaches children the culture of society. Socialize/Transmits Culture transmit societal culture from one generation to the next. Ascribe Status confer status of class, race, ethnicity, power, prestige, etc on children. Economic Function provides what is needed for survival.
Intro - Defining The Family Difficult to define. Means different things to different people. Families comes in all shapes and sizes. Families are defined by how they are created. Family of Birth Family by marriage
a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Has the greatest impact on individual behavior. Family of Orientation family you are born into, gives you ascribed status. Family of Procreation family established upon marriage. Marriage legal union based on mutual rights and obligations. Marriage ceremony signifies legal right of the couple to have off-springs. Creates family of orientation for the children.
of Agriculture and Industry shaped society and family. In earlier societies, clans small bands of families) were nomadic. Neolithic Revolution changed that, as large families were needed. Industrial Revolution changed families by replacing large families, as nuclear families were favored.
Nuclear Family: - Family structure composed of one or both parents and children Extended Family: - Family structure composed of two or more adult generations who share resources and household.
heads the family for purpose of descent? Who owns the family property? - inheritance
Who is in Authority?
Who
Newly married couples live with wifes parents. Do they live with the husbands parents?
Patrilineal
Descent and inheritance passed through the male line. Matrilineal Descent and inheritance passed through female line. In most societies, three arrangements are used. Bilateral Descent and inheritance passed equally through both parents.
Who Inherits?
Marriage Arrangements
Ceremonies
wife?
Rules of Marriage
Every
Endogamy norm of marrying within ones cultural or racial group. Homogamy tendency to marry someone with similar characteristics. Heterogamy married of people with different characteristics.
American
contains one set of parents and children, e.g. Mom, Dad, Son and Daughter. lineage and pass inheritance equally through both parents, e.g. brother/sister share inheritance share decision making equally, e.g. Mom and Dad share decisions on equal basis.
family lives apart from one another, e.g. Newly wed couples live away from either of their parents.
and Dad. one husband and one wife at a time, e.g. Mom
is Romantic Love?
What
Enter a powerful family Advance career or social status Conformity usually the main reason.
What
Number of marriages per year for every 1000 Peaked during WWII, but has fluctuated since then.
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/200507-18-cohabit-divorce_x.htm
Divorces
Divorce
Financial Hardship Conflicting Values of Child - Rearing Age of Marriage Years of Marriage Nature and Quality of Relationship
Causes
Economic fluctuation The Growing Up of Baby Boomers. Increasing Financial Independence of Women Changes in American attitude and values about divorce.
Family Violence
Attitudes
Americans denial of its wide existence. Association with lower class status.
Reasons
Financial Hardship Children Cheating/Infidelity Loss of dominance/authority by men. Alcoholism/Drug Abuse Patriarchy
Many blended families are successful. Stepchildren are one factor for the high divorce rate in blended families.
Problems
Effects
of Single Parenthood
Marriages:
Social stigmas are disappearing Election to pursue career. Physical or psychological problems Dual Employed Marriages: creates 2nd shift for women. Must cope with role conflict Benefit of freedom for men Co-Habitation: living with someone in a marriagelike arrangement. Increased from about 500,000 in 1970 to over 7 million in 2000. 25% of Americans in co-habitation stay in the relationship. Co habitation has not proven to improve quality
of later marriges.
No accurate figures due to social stigma Homosexual population is estimated at 10% of U.S. population 13% of males, 5% of females. % of same sex partners in increasing. Remains a controversial issue Vermont & Massachusetts were first states to pass Civil Union laws.
Single
Life:
Increasing number of Americans are choosing to remain single. Over 26% (age 15 and above) live alone. For same reasons as in childless marriages.
Boomerang Kids
Refers
to young adults who either leave home and return or stay home to live with parents.
Advantages/Disadvantages:
More than 25% of young adults 18 35 live with parents. Why? Marry late, stay home longer Living at home for convenience of continued education. Avoid high cost of living faced even after grad. Return home after a divorce. Financial strain on parents Loss of privacy for parents. Loss of freedom and privacy for returning children. Problems forming another family or surviving the after math of divorce.