Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
From the time when Latin Americas urban population was 45% to when it became 80%, the largest cities population increased by more than 500%
Transport is a peculiar problem: It gets worse as a society gets richer. (clearly a not sustainable model)
A quality city can provide much joy and ALSO economic growth.
Quality of urban life is the most important competitive factor for the next 100 years at least.
Can we design a transport system without knowing what kind of city we want?
Our developing country cities, which we are building hundreds of years after other cities were built, SHOULD BE THE BEST CITIES EVER.
A city that is good for children, the elderly, the handicapped, the poor, is good for everybody else.
Beyond survival, happiness needs: 1)to be with people 2) to walk (riding a bicycle is just a more efficient way of walking) 3) to not feel inferior.
We should not fear shops in residential areas, as long as nobody parks on footpaths and signs are discreet.
Tell a 3 year old: Watch out! A car! And the child will jump in terror.
When cars appeared we should have started to build a parallel road network: One for cars and the other exclusively pedestrian.
ALAMEDA EL PORVENIR
Why not structure the part of cities yet to be built around a pedestrian and bicycle street network hundreds of kilometers long?
EL PORVENIR PROMENADE
ALAMEDA EL PORVENIR
Pakistani cities could become the worlds best, with thousands of kilometers of pedestrian-andbicycle-only streets.
New York or London would love to have, but cannot, a 1,000 kilometer pedestrian and bicycle promenade lined with giant tropical trees.
Cars parked on sidewalks, or parking bays where there should be sidewalk, are symbols of inequality and lack of democracy
After
Before
Before
PUBLIC SPACE
How does a democratic developing country city distribute road space between
The width and quality of sidewalks are good measures of a societys democracy and equity.
In expansion areas of Asian cities it is possible to do much better than New Yorks Central Park: Long parks crisscrossing cities for dozens of kilometers.
PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
Transport cannot be solved simply with money: It takes changes in our way of life.
Motorcycles are a new factor in urban transport, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates.
Public transport must compete with better quality and lower price.
Seattle
Despite giant highways, Atlanta has more traffic jams every year.
1992: 62 minutes
2005: 76 minutes
COUNTER-INTUITIVE TRUTHS:
Solving traffic jams with more or bigger highways is like putting out a fire with gasoline.
Do you know ONE city which solved its traffic problems with more road infrastructure?
Highways will destroy quality of life in the city and they WILL NOT solve traffic jams.
For traffic it is the same to double the number of cars, as to have the same cars do twice the distance.
We chose NOT to embark on a US $ 15 billion highways program proposed by JICA and instead decided to restrict car use and create quality public transport.
Instead, we invested in improving the lives of the poor with projects such as the following:
The other side of the coin of slums is private ownership of land around growing cities.
Private property and the market do not work in the case of growing cities.
Colombian public utilities such as water, electricity, piped gas and others charge much higher rates to higher income neighborhoods than to lower income ones.
Small public works with high community participation can strengthen community organization and create self esteem.
Although available land is outside the urbanized area, it is adjacent to it: With good public transport, this land is only 25 minutes from the center of the city.
For example, where JICA proposed an 8 lane highway, we built a 35 kilometer greenway for pedestrians and bicyclists only.
CICLOVAS EN BOGOT
It is Government which determines, explicitly or implicitly, how much will the car be used.
If there was more space for cars in New York or London, there would be more cars.
If there was less space for cars, there would be less cars.
A long time ago advanced cities such as Manhattan, London, Paris, or Zurich decided they would NOT build more road infrastructure in order to alleviate traffic jams.
There are NO elevated highways across the more desirable world cities.
Density is the most important element of good transport, regardless of whether we use trains, buses, taxis, bicycles or walk.
A city that is safe and friendly to pedestrians and bicycles almost certainly is a good city.
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
A protected bicycle way is a symbol of democracy. It shows that a citizen on a $ 40 bicycle is equally important as one on a $ 40,000 car.
Quality sidewalks and protected bicycle paths are not cute architectural features: they are a right.
Unless we believe that only those with access to a car have a right to safe individual mobility.
In Bogot there was not one meter of bike-ways and rider-ship was insignificant. Today more than 350.000 people ride to work daily.
The only individual transport means accessible to low income citizens in developing country cities (or children in all cities) is the bicycle.
In developing country cities bicycling to work can save between 10% and 30% of a minimum wage earners income.
Bogot bicycle riders increased from 0,3% to 4,7% of population. Not much, yet more than those who use a $ 2,5 billion subway built in another Colombian city.
In the best cities of the world a large majority of people uses public transport for their daily mobility.
Wherever people use public transport, it is rarely out of love for the environment.
Many possible means to restrict car use: London congestion charge, parking restrictions
Traffic jams are effective means to achieve: - Public transport use - Density
Bogot Experience:Ciclova
Bogot : REFERENDUM
In a referendum in October 2000, nearly 64% of voters approved establishing a CAR FREE DAY the first Thursday of February every year.
During 13 hours all citizens meet as equals in public transport, bicycles or walking. It builds community
TRANSPORT
Transport subsidies are very inelastic and thus better than most. A democratic city should charge the same fare for long or short distances.
Transport subsidies are very inelastic and thus better than most. But there is a limit: Rail systems are too expensive to bring to all parts of a city.
Even with a few rail lines, the only possibility to reach a whole city with quality public transport are bus based systems.
TRANSMILENIO
TRANSMILENIO
Most Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are poorly implemented. They can compete with subways at a much lower cost, but need investments and good management.
CICLOVAS
CICLOVAS
It was said some roads were too narrow for TransMilenio to fit
TRANSMILENIO
TransMilenio
TRANSMILENIO
Buses do not have to stay on track and can minimize time consuming transfers.
Express buses on roads without traffic lights are faster than non-express metros.
TransMilenio
TRANSMILENIO
TransMilenio
TransMilenio
TRANSMILENIO
In terms of transport, a good city is not one with great highways but rather one where a child in a bicycle could go safely everywhere.
New or wider roads should be built with: Exclusive bus-lanes; very wide sidewalks; and protected bicycle-ways.
Buy and preserve 2000 hectares of parkland around the city, in green ways.
One great road with BRT, sidewalks and bicycle-ways for 30 kilometers.