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The Dentitions
The term dentition is used to describe the natural teeth in the jawbones. Primary dentition is the first set of 20 primary teeth. Also referred to as baby teeth or deciduous teeth Permanent dentition refers to the 32 secondary or adult teeth. Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent teeth are present, usually between the ages of 6 to 12.
Dental arches
The maxillary arch (upper arch), actually part of the skull, is fixed and not capable of movement. The teeth in the upper arch are set in the maxilla, the maxillary bone. The mandibular arch (lower arch) is capable of movement through the action of the temporomandibular joint. The mandible, the mandibular bone supports the teeth in the lower arch.
Quadrants
An imaginary midline divides each arch into a left half and a right half. When the maxillary and mandibular arches are each divided into halves the resulting four sections are called quadrants, as follows: Maxillary right quadrant Maxillary left quadrant Mandibular right quadrant Mandibular left quadrant
1. 2. 3. 4.
Mesial means toward the mid-line of the dental arch. Distal means away from the mid-line of the dental arch.
Occlusion
Occlusion is the relationship of the mandibular and maxillary teeth when closed or during excursive movements of the mandible; when the teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact with the teeth of the maxillary arch in any functional relationship.
Types of Teeth
The functions of teeth vary, depending on their individual shape and size and their location in the jaws. The three basic food processing functions of the teeth are cutting, holding or grasping, and grinding. Incisors are single-rooted teeth with a relatively sharp thin edge referred to as the incisal edge. Located in the front of the mouth, they are designed to cut food without the application of heavy forces. Central (front teeth) and lateral (distal to the centrals) teeth are incisors.
Canines, also known as cuspids, are located at the corner of the arch. They are designed for cutting and tearing foods, which require the application of force. Premolars are a cross between canines and molars. An older term for premolar is bicuspid. The pointed cusps hold and grind the food. They have a broader surface for chewing food. There are two sets of premolars in the permanent dentition and NO premolars in the primary dentition.
Molars are much larger than premolars. The molars have more cusps than other teeth that are used to chew or grind up food. There are two sets of molars in the primary dentition and three sets of molars in the permanent dentition.
In each quadrant there are five permanent teeth (central, lateral, canine, & premolars) that succeed or take the place of the five primary teeth (central, lateral, canine, & molars), they are called succedaneous teeth. Three permanent molars do not succeed primary teeth in each quadrant; therefore they are nonsuccedaneous teeth.
Keywords
Dentition Occlusion Maxilla - maxillary Mandible mandibular Midline Quadrant Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral (direction) Permanent adult Oral cavity Incisor Central Lateral Canine - cuspid Premolar bicuspid Molar Succedaneous Eruption Exfoliation Primary deciduous baby Vestibule