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HEALTH
heal
HEALTH (WHO)
POSITIVE DEFINITION :
The state of complete mental, physical, and social well being, and does not merely the absence of illness or infirmity
HEALTH (WHO)
NEGATIVE DEFINITION :
ENVIRONMENT
Physical Mental
Emotional
Spiritual
Social Sexual
BIOLOGICAL
Physical health
Mental health
Emotional Health
Social Health
Spiritual Health
Sexual Health
Health is
a general condition of the body and mind; the presence or absence of illness, injuries or impairments
NOTE:
An individual who does not experience any symptoms of disease may not necessarily be healthy. Absence of symptoms does not necessary connote healthfulness
OBJECTIVE OF HEALTH
To promote the health welfare as well as the health services to everybody
OBJECTIVES HEALTH
SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENT
Physical Mental
Emotional
Spiritual
Social Sexual
BIOLOGICAL
3. Environmental factors
4. The extent and nature of health services
Health benefits, Attitudes Household Income/wealth Age-gender composition Social network Community
Socio-
Environmental Contamination
Nutrient Dietary intake
Ecological climate Markets & prices Transportation size, structure, and distribution Social structure and organization
Fertility
Injury
1. Health measures
Measures of the health status of people: a. Vital statistics height and weight b. Dental health status decayed, missing and filled teeth, index c. Average height of population proxy for nutritional status d. Percentage of low birth weight babies
3. Environmental indicators
a. Measurement of physical environment Example: air and water quality
b. Social environment
Example: housing type and density 4. Socio-economic indicators
a. Wealth (3 components)
Examples: life expectancy, educational attainment, and income
C. Housing and Health - housing quality and its lack of availability can damage health
Examples: life expectancy (length in years, nutritional status (weight for age or height )
2. Ratios Examples: mortality rates, morbidity rates, incidence and prevalence
2. Mortality Rate measures risk of dying within a specific group or dying from a cause Crude Death Rate (CDR) = number of deaths, all causes x 1000 midyear population Cause Specific Death Rate (CSDR) = number of deaths from specific cause
x F
midyear population
2. Mortality Rate measures risk of dying within a specific group or dying from a cause
3. Morbidity Rate measures the frequency of illnesses within specific population Prevalence Rate (PR)
= Number of new and old cases within a period x 100 midyear population
Compare
Health Program
Example
A: Individual Level
Occupation as a >>> Exposure to mining >>> increased coal miner contaminants incidence of workers lung
disease
(Occupation as underlying determinant) (Environmental contamination as proximate determinant) (Health Status/ outcome)
Example
B. Household Level
Low household Income >>> Poor nutritional >>>> Poor nutritional intake status (low weight, height) (Health status/ Outcome)
Example
C. Community Level
Poor transportation >>> Poor health care >>> More deaths in transportation network (Transportation as underlying (Healthcare service utilization as a (Health Status/ Outcome) service utilization the area
determinant)
proximate factor
?
Contributes to better economy