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Stimulus Noxious stimulus (pinprick) to sole of foot. Tested In supine or Sitting position Noxious stimulus to ball of foot of extremity fixed in extension; tested in supine position.
Response Toes extend. foot doni6excs, entire leg flexes uncontrollalbly. Onset: 28 weeks gestation. lntegrared. 1-2 months Opposite lower extremity flexes. Then adducts and extends Onset: 28 weeks gestation Integrated. 1-2 months. Grasp and total flexion of the upper extremity. Onset: 28 weeks gestation Integrated : 2-5 months. Extension, abduction of upper extremities. hand opening. and crying followed byflexion, adduction of arms across chest. Onset: 28 weeks gestation Integrated: 5-6 months. Sudden extension or abduction of arms. crying. Onset: birth. integrated: persists Maintained flexion of fingers or toes. Onset: palmer, birth; plantar, 28 weeks gestation. Integrated: palmer, 4 -6 months; plantar, 9 months
Crossed extension
Traction
Moro
Sudden change in position of head in relation to trunk; drop patient . backward from sitting position
Startle
Grasp
Mainuined pressure to palm of hand (palmer grasp) or to ball of foot under toes (plantar grasp),
Response Flexion of skull Iimbs. extension of the jaw limbs, "bow and arrow" or "fencing" posture. Onset: birth. Integrated. -1-6 months.
With head flexion: flexion of arms, extension of legs; With head extension: extension of arms, flexion of legs. Onset: 4-6 months. lntegrated. 8-12 months. With prone position: increased flexor tone/flexion of all limbs; Witth supine: increased tone/extension of all limbs. Onset: birth. Integrated: 6 months. Rigid extension (co-contraction) of the lower extremities. Onset: birth. Inregrared. 6 months.
Positive Supporting
Associated reactions
Involuntary movement in a resting extremity. Onset. birth-3 months. Integrated. 8-9 years.
Body rotates as a whole (log rolls) to allign the body with the head. Onset: 4-6 months. Integrated. 5 years
Body segment not rotated follows to allign ihe body segments. Onset: -1-6 months ; Iruegrated. 5 years. Head orients to vertical positon with rnouth horizontal. Onset: btnh-2 months ; Integrated: persists Head orients to vertical position with mouth horizontal. Onset: birth-2 months ; Integrated. persists Head orients to verticalt position with rnouth horizontal. Onset: birth-2 months; Integrated. 5 years. Arms or legs extend arid abduct to support and to protect the body against falling. Onset: arms 4-6 months.,legs. 6-9 month ;Integrated. persists. Curvature of the trunk coward the Upward side along with extension and abduction of the extrimitiess on that side; protective extension on the opposite (downward) side. Onset: prone 6 months; supine : 7 -8 rnonths, Sitting 7-8 months; quadruped 9-12 months; sunding 12-21 months. Integrated: persists. Curvature of the trunk towardthe exrernal force with extension and abduction of the extrermities on the side to which rhe force was applied. Onset: prone 6 months; Supine 7-8 rnonthss ; sitting 7-8 months; quadruped 9-12 moorhs ; standing 12-21 months. Intcgrared. persists.
Passively rotate upper or lower trunk segment: tested in supine. Occlude vision; alter body position by tipping body in all directions. Alter body position by tipping body in all directions. Place in prone or supine position.
Displace the Center of gravity by tilting or moving the support surface (e.g .with a movable object such as an equilibrium board or ball).
Apply a displacing force to the body, altering the center of gravity in its relation to the base ofsupport; can also be observed during voluntary acrivirv.