A weir on the Humber River near Raymore Park in Toronto, Ontario

A manually operated needle dam-type weir near Revin on the Meuse River, France

A weir in Warkworth, New Zealand

A weir at the Thorp grist mill in Thorp, Washington

Linao Cawayan Weir - Hydro Power Plant, San Teodoro Mimaropa

Manggahan floodway

Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure, along Pasig River

Rosario weir, Pasig city

DEFINITION: A barrier in an open channel over which water flows. The edge or surface over which the water

flows is called the crest. The overflowing sheet of

water is the nappe. If the nappe discharges into the

air, the weir has free discharge. If the discharge is

partly under water, the weir is submerged or drowned.

A small overflow dam that is used for altering It takes the form of a barrier, smaller than

the flow characteristic of water or stream. most conventional dams, across a river that

causes water to pool behind the structure and

allows water to flow over the top.

Built across an open channel for the purpose

of measuring the discharge or controlling the flow of water.

Types of reference to

weir can be classified with the form of crest.

In Hydrology, crest is the highest level above a certain point (the datum point, or reference point) that a river will reach in a certain amount of time. This term is usually limited to a flooding event and from ground level.

have sharp upstream edge so formed that the liquid in passing touches only a line. have either a rounded upstream edge or a crest so broad that the liquid in passing comes in contact with a surface

Sharp-crested weirs are classified according to the shape of the weir opening.

Rectangular weirs (suppressed weirs) oldest type of weir. Its

simple construction makes it the most popular. The length of is equal to the width of the weir.

Contracted Rectangular Weirs

Similar to rectangular but with sides extended inwards by at least 2Hmax Fluid contracts as it flows over the weir Crest height above the bottom of channel Hc 2Hmax Minimum head above crest > 0.2 ft Max head above crest < L/3

Triangular or V-notch weirs

especially used for low flow rates since a higher head can be generated compared to rectangular weirs Angle of the weir affects the discharge equations Angles 35 to 120 degrees Typical angles used 60 and 90 degrees

Trapezoidal weirs

having a horizontal crest of length L. The sides are equally inclined, making /2 with the vertical.

Cipolletti weir Similar to contracted rectangular weir but with sides sloped outwards.

Tan =

Weirs not sharp crested weirs (broad crested weirs)

In which the water touches the surface of
the crest rather than merely a line can have an infinite variety of forms of cross section. They are classified according to the shape of their cross section.

Submerged

weirs

If

the

elevation

of

the

downstream water surface is higher than the

crest of weir. The depth of submergence is the difference in elevation between the downstream

surface and the crest.

The discharge over the upper portion may be considered as a free discharge under a head of water equal to (H1-H2). And the discharge over the lower portion may be considered as a submerged discharge under a head of H2.

Commonly used to alter the flow regime of the river, prevent flooding, measure discharge.

Allows hydrologists and engineers a simple method of measuring the volumetric flow rate in small to mediumsized streams or in industrial discharge locations.

Used to maintain the vertical profile of a stream or channel, and is then commonly referred to as a grade stabilizer.

Most weirs are in place to control the water level of the

river behind it, example to keep water deep enough for

boats and keep enough water in the river for fish or for

irrigation.

It powers watermill alongside and sometimes near an estuary to stop sea water flowing upstream and causing flooding.

It keeps water in the river in the dry season.

To regulate flow of a river to prevent floods.

Controlling the water as it drops to lower

land.

Controlling water flow or providing a known elevation point to do something like

measure the flow.