ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY

Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University

Level of organization of the human body

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Directional Terms

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Directional terms tell us where body parts are located with reference to the body in anatomical position.
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Terms for Body Parts and Areas

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The Anatomical Position

You may have noticed that anatomical illustrations are almost always very similar in appearance. Specifically, when you see a person illustrated in an anatomy textbook, (s)he is almost always oriented such that the body is erect, the face is forward, the arms are at the sides of the body, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.
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Figure 1.3 Terms for body parts and areas: a. Anterior; b. Posterior.
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Planes and Section

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Body Planes and Sectioning the Body

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BODY CAVITIES AND MEMBRANES

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Figure 1.5 The two major body cavities and their subdivisions. a. Left lateral view; b. Frontal view.
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Body Cavities

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BODY CAVITIES AND MEMBRANES

BODY CAVITIES AND MEMBRANES
Name of Cavity
Posterior Body Cavities Cranial cavity Vertebral canal

Principle Contents

Membranous Lining
Meningens Meningens

Brain Brain

Anterior Body Cavities Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdominal cavity

Lung Heart Reproductive organs, Urinary bladder, rectum

Pleura Pericardium Peritoneum

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Pelvic cavity

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Regions of the Body

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Regions of the Body (Ventral Surface)

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Regions of the Body (Dorsal Surface)

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CLINICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF THE ABDOMEN 1. 2. 3. 4. RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT LEFT UPPER QUADRANT RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT LEFT LOWER QUADRANT

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Clinical subdivisions of the abdomen into quadrants. These subdivisions help physicians identify the location of various symptoms.
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The nine abdominopelvic regions and some of the organs that

can be found in each of them.

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HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the bodys internal environment. Bodys internal environment is composed of blood and the tissue fluid that bathes the cells. Homeostasis is done by all systems working under nervous system control. Is carried out through:
1. Negative feedback 2. Positive feedback

Failure of the homeostasis results in disease.

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Example of a negative feedback mechanism: control of room temperature by a domestic boiler.

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Example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism: control of body temperature

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Gas, nutrient and waste product exchange in the capillary bed

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Further reading
Make sure you read at least one of these files: 1. Introduction to block 4.doc 2. Basic Concepts of Anatomy.pdf 3. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Disease.pdf

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Thank you very much for your kind attention

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