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Background Information
Current Professional Title Distinguished Professor in Educational Leadership @ Miami University (Ohio)
Education:
Ph.D. The Ohio State University -College Student Personnel/Higher Education M.A. The Ohio State University -College Student Personnel/Higher Education B.A. Capital University -Psychology/Sociology The Role of Higher Education: I think that there is a great fear that if students think for themselves, they will not value what their parents and leaders want them to value. In reality when students have genuine values, they know why they have them; they hold them more strongly. -We as adult educators know what it takes to function in adult life. We also know that our students have yet to develop those capacities we have identified. It is not something that we can ignore because it cannot be measured. Look at how long we have struggled with alcohol abuse issues. Are we making progress with fraternity hazing? People are not willing to say we have to approach peoples development. We see what happens when people do not have these capacities.
What is Epistemology?
Epistemology Branch of philosophy focused on the nature and scope of knowledge. Personal Epistemology: A. Developmental Perspective B. Personal Beliefs C. Alternative Concept Developmental Perspective : A structure in which individuals construe the nature and origins of knowledge, of value, and of responsibility in a sequential and logical process W.G. Perry
The Study
Participants: A.101 Total Students B. 51 Women/50 Men C. Predominately White ethnic groups D. 3 non-White Participants Research Method: Interviews Focused on knowledge from freshman year to 1 year after graduation.
Absolute Knowledge
Knowledge exists as a certainty. Possessed by authority figures (teachers). Students see no place for them in the creation of knowledge. Students role is to obtain knowledge from teachers. There are right and wrong answers.
Transitional Knowledge
Recognize that some areas of knowledge are certain, and some are uncertain. Hearing the viewpoints of others helps to develop understanding. Students become focused on the process of learning rather than acquisition of facts. Expects evaluation of work to affirm their ideas.
Independent Knowledge
Students discover that most knowledge is uncertain. Value their own opinions and those of others (reserving the right to disagree). Everyone is entitled to his/her own beliefs. Feels no pressure to persuade or be persuaded.
Contextual Knowledge
Individuals tend not to formulate ideas before considering the context of each situation or issue. Individuals no longer accept their own and others views without further analysis. The process of making judgments, and integrating and applying knowledge, within a context is the hallmark of a contextual knower (Bock, 1999, p. 36).
Focus: Career Services for Students -Each stage not necessarily age or class related. -Absolute Knowing = Freshman year. -Transitional = Junior and Senior year. -Career counselors need to focus on individual needs of students and tailor career advice appropriately.
References
Bock, M.T. (1999). Baxter Magoldas Epistelmological reflection model. New Directions for Student Services, 88, 29-40. Educational Leadership (n.d.). {Photo}. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1092&bih=514&q=bax ter+magolda&oq=baxter+magolda&gs_l=img.3..0j0i5j0i24l8.445.2719.0.2965.14.14.0.0.0.0.228.1578.7 j6j1.14.0...0.0.0..1ac.1.17.img.CgyeXlGIazw#facrc=_&imgrc=3zNfeKcuEU43KM%3A%3BWWijJeiMnlNnM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.units.muohio.edu%252Feap%252FEDL%252Fimages%252F edlfaculty%252Fbaxtermagolda.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.units.muohio.edu%252Feap%2 52FEDL%252Ffaculty%252Fbaxter_magolda.html%3B150%3B184 Edwards, P. (Ed.). (1967). The encyclopedia of philosophy. New York: Macmillan. Magolda, B. (2009). Authoring your life: Developing an internal voice to navigate lifes challenges. Sterling, VA: Stylus. Perry, W.G. (1970). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.