CNAP Semester 3: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing

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Module 5

SWITCHES

Cisco Regional Networking Academy

mailto: info@saigonctt.com
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Version 3.0

Objectives
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Understand the design issues associated with the

Layer 1, 2, and 3 LAN structure, or topology Understanding the role of each layer and then choosing the switches best suited for that layer ensures the best network performance for LAN users.

Table of Content
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LAN design LAN switches

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LAN DESIGN

LAN design goals

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The first step in designing a LAN is to establish and document the goals of the design:
Functionality Scalability Adaptability Manageability

LAN design considerations

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The function and placement of servers

Collision detection issues

Segmentation issues Broadcast domain issues

LAN Segmentation
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Segmentation is the process of splitting a single collision domain into two or more collision domains. Layer 2 devices such as bridges and switches reduce the size of a collision domain. Routers reduce the size of the collision domain and the size of the broadcast domain at Layer 3.

LAN design methodology

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1. Gather requirements and expectations 2. Analyze requirements and data

3. Design the Layer 1, 2, and 3 LAN structure, or topology

4. Document the logical and physical network implementation

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LAN topology

Layer 1 design
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Choose cable type. Identify work area and HCC. Identify MDF, IDF, HCC, VCC and POP. Choose Ethernet or Fast Ethernet.

Documentation and physical diagrams

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Example: Wiring closet location

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Example: Wiring closet layout

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3.50m.

4.00m.
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Rack 1

Example: Rack layout

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HDSL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Backbone and Server Farm Class Room 1

POWERFAULT DATA ALARM

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PIX Firewall
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Class Room 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Router 3662

Class Room 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

C2924XL - Wg1 C2924XL - Wg2 Mail Server

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Example: User location

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5.00m. 6.00m. 4.00m. 5.00m.

7.00m.

1.40m.

3.00m.

1.80m.
1.80m.

3.50m.

6.20m.
7.00m.

1.40m.

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2.00m.

7.00m.

Example: Cable run

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UTP UTP

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Rack

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UTP

UTP

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UTP

68
UTP

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UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP UTP UTP UTP

UTP

UTP UTP UTP UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

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UTP UTP UTP UTP

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UTP

Example: Logical Diagram

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Example: Cable documentation

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Layer 2 design
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The purpose of Layer 2 devices in the network is to provide flow control, error detection, error correction, and to reduce congestion in the network. Another important characteristic of a LAN switch is how it can allocate bandwidth on a per-port basis, thus allowing more bandwidth to vertical cabling, uplinks, and servers.

The size of collision domains

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Determine how many hosts are physically connected to any single port on the switch. Determine how much network bandwidth is available to any host.

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Bandwidth domains
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Bandwidth everage
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HUB placement
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Shared-media hubs are generally used in a LAN switch environment to create more connection points at the end of the horizontal cable runs. This is an acceptable solution, but you must ensure that:
Collision domains are kept small. Bandwidth requirements to the host are accomplished.

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Layer 3 design
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Allows for segmentation of the LAN into unique physical and logical networks. Allow for connectivity to wide-area networks (WANs), such as the Internet. Layer 3 determines traffic flow between unique physical network segments based on Layer 3 addressing.

VLAN and broadcast domains

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By using VLANs, you can limit broadcast traffic to within a VLAN and thus create smaller broadcast domains. VLANs can also be used to provide security by creating the VLAN groups according to function.

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VLAN implementation
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LAN SWITCHES

Hierarchical design model

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Core Layer2/Layer3 switching

Distribution Layer3 switching

Access Layer2 switching

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Switched LANs, access layer overview

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Shared bandwidth

Switched bandwidth
MAC layer filtering Microsegment

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Access layer switches

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Catalyst 1912

Catalyst 1900 series Catalyst 2820 series

Catalyst 2950 series

Catalyst 4000 series Catalyst 5000 series

Catalyst 4000

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Distribution layer overview

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Aggregation of the wiring closet connections Broadcast/multicast domain definition Virtual LAN (VLAN) routing Any media transitions that need to occur

Security

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Distribution layer switches

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Catalyst 2926G Catalyst 5000 family Catalyst 6000 family

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Core layer overview

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The core layer is a high-speed switching backbone.

This layer of the network design should not perform any packet manipulation.

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Core layer switches

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Catalyst 8540

Catalyst 6500 series

Catalyst 8500 series

IGX 8400 series Lightstream 1010
Catalyst 1010

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Summary
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Design issues associated with Layers 1, 2, and 3 The functions of each layer in the three-layer model Cisco access layer switches and their features Cisco distribution layer switches and their features Cisco core layer switches and their features

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Q&A

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