INTRODUCTION OF DEVELOPMENT

Made By :- Devesh Prajapati

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

OF INDIA

Indus Valley civilisation, the first known permanent and predominantly urban settlement that flourished between 3500 BC to 1800 BC boasted of an advanced and thriving economic system. Its citizens practised agriculture, domesticated animals, made sharp tools and weapons from copper, bronze and tin and traded with other cities.Evidence of well laid streets, layouts, drainage system and water supply in the valley's major cities, Harappa, Lothal, Mohenjo-daro and Rakhigarhi reveals their knowledge of urban planning . One of the theories about their end is that they eventually overused their resources, and slowly died out. Another theory is that invaders overran their civilisation.RV 6.27.5: At Hariyupiyah (Harappa) he (Indrah) smote the vanguard of the Vrcivans, and the rear fled frightened."

HISTORY OF ECONOMICS

Adam smith was a father of economics And there are many more economist ,who participated in this field like karl max,J.B Say, J.M Keynes,David Ricardo and so on.

DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS

It is derived form two greek words :Okios a household Nemein ( nomos)Management

Economics means Home Management. The head of a family faces the problem of managing the unlimited wants of the family members within the limited income of the family. In fact, the same is true for a society also. If we consider the whole society as a family, then the society also faces the problem of tackling unlimited wants of the members of the society with the limited resources available in that society

MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT

A branch of economics that focuses on improving the economies of developing countries. Development economics considers how to promote economic growth in such countries by improving factors like health, education, working conditions, domestic and international policies and market conditions. It examines both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors relating to the structure of a developing economy and how that economy can create effective domestic and international growth.

DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF DIFFERENT

CATEGORIES OF PERSONS
Category of Persons
A.

Development goals /Aspiration

1. 2. 3.

Landless Rural labourers

1) B.

Rich person

2)

3)

More days or work Better wages Economic and social equality Higher family income Better education to their children To settle their children in abroad

METHOD OF MEASURING NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT

National income it refers to the market values of all good and services which produce in financial year within the country

Average income / per capita income its the ratio of total national income of a country with respect to total population PCI = Total income Total population

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
In the process of national development ,a heavy industry is set up Or we can say that its a all round development of nation Like education, health,and national income

WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT

World bank has used the criterion of per capita income for classifying into high income and lowincome countries . Acc to the 2006 WDR:a) $10066 per annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries . b) countries with a PCI of 825 $ or less per annum in 2004 c) In the year 2004, india`s PCI was a mere $620 per annum

LIMITATION OF PCI COMPARISON OF TWO COUNTRIES

country Monthly Income of citizen In 2007 ( in Rupees) I Country X 8500 II 9500 500 III 8800 500 IV 9000 500 V 9200 43000 PCI 9000 9000

Country Y 500

DIAGRAM

PCI

IV Country Y no of person country X no of person III

II

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

INCOME AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

HDR published by UNDP compares countries based on educational level of the people their health status and PCI Human development indicators I. Infant mortality rate:- it indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 lives II. Literacy rate:- it measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group. III. Net Attendence ratio:- it is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. IV. Sex ratio:-it is the total number of female per thousand of males.

COMPARISON OF INDIA WITH ITS NEIGHBOURS AND

ONE DEVELOPMENT ON THE BASIS OF INCOME AND OTHER CRITERIA
Country PCI IN US $ Life Expectancy at birth Literacy rate Gross enrolment ratio for all level HDI Rank

Norway

38550

80

-------

97

China
Sri lanka India Pakistan

5530
4390 3139 2225

71
74 64 63

91
91 61 50

73
69 60 35

81
93 126 134

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Meaning the word sustainable means something which is not short lived but can continue in future also. Acc to Robert Repetto, sustainable development is a development strategy that manages all natural resources and human resources as well as financial and physical assests for increasing long term wealth and well being .

OBJECTIVE OR FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT Sustained rise in th real PCI and quality of life Reduction in pollution Rational use of natural resources To fulfils the requirements of future generations

MCQ
Q1:-which one of the following determines the development of a country ? a) Average literacy rate b) PCI c) Health status of its people d) All of these

Q2 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATES IN INDIA HAVE HIGH PCI?

a)

b)
c) d)

Punjab Kerala Bihar orissa

Q3 Average income = a) Population X NI b) NI + population c) Population Development d) National income Population

The end