Diesel Engines

Objectives
Basic operation, key components, and safety considerations of diesel engines Advantages, disadvantages, and capabilities of diesel engines Interrelationships of work, power, and efficiency of diesel propulsion plants Features of the diesel engine fuel oil system and how it provides fuel to the engine

References
INE, Chapter 11, pp. 195-222 PNE, Chapter 17, pp. 17-1 - 17-44 (1-37 ***) www.howstuffworks.com (Engines) HW: None

USN Diesel Applications

Main propulsion (MPDEs)
LST, MCM, LSD-41 class

Ship Service Electrical Power (SSDGs) Shipboard Emergency Electrical Power (EDGs) Amphibious landing craft

Concepts
Stroke Top dead center (TDC) Bottom dead center (BDC)

THE FOUR STROKE ENGINE

Four-Stroke
Diesel Engine
Intake Compression Power Exhaust

THE TWO STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

Two-Stroke
Diesel Engine
Upstroke
Compression Ignition

Downstroke
Power Intake (start) Exhaust (start)

Two-Stroke
Diesel Engine
Blower/Supercharger
Pressurizes air to be forced in to cylinder at intake

Scavenging
Process forces fresh air in through intake port Simultaneously removes exhaust through open exhaust valve

4 Stroke vs. 2 Stroke (Navy Uses Both)

One power stroke vs. two in the same time period 2 Stroke needs a blower to aid in air intake
Engine drives blower so power reduced

2 Stroke combustion process not as complete

Engine Structure Stationary Parts

Engine frame - several stationary parts fastened
together (support moving parts)

Cylinder block - supports crank shaft / cylinder

assembly

Cylinder liner - bore in which piston moves Cylinder head - seals liner at combustion end Oil sump - reservoir containing lubricating oil

Engine Structure Moving Parts

Piston - reciprocating motion
crown - closed end skirt - open end

Piston rings - seal cylinder, distribute oil, xfer

heat from piston to cylinder wall

Piston pin - connect piston to connecting rod Connecting rod - reciprocating/rotating motion
connect piston to crankshaft

Moving Parts
Piston Piston Rings Piston Pin Connecting Rod

Engine Structure Moving Parts

Camshaft - rotating motion
controls operation of valves

Crankshaft - rotating motion

drives reduction gears, prop shaft, pump, generator (work output)

Flywheel - significant mass that allows

crankshaft to deliver a steady uniform output

Bearings - support crankshaft

Crankshaft and Main Bearings

Camshaft and Cams Lifters, pushrods, and rocker arms Intake and exhaust valves.

Auxiliary Systems (Air)

Intake system - supply air for combustion
Blower (more air into cylinder) Clean air (filters) Reduce noise (air silencer)

Exhaust System - remove exhaust air

Muffle exhaust (muffler) Clean exhaust (filter)

Auxiliary Systems
Fuel System - deliver fuel to cylinders under specific conditions
quantity (vary with demand) equal distribution between/within cylinders timing (optimize power)

Ignition System

Auxiliary Systems
Cooling Systems
Remove heat not transformed to work in order to prevent LO breakdown, metal fatigue, stress Lubricating oil , Exhaust air, Freshwater, Seawater

Lube Oil System

Must provide adequate lube oil so that friction and wear can be reduced to a

Propulsion Drive Mechanisms

Indirect drive
Reduction gears
Diesel efficiently operates at high RPM Prop operates at low RPM

Reverse gear (ships w/o varying pitch props)

Diesel operates in same direction at all times

Clutch/Coupling - continue to operate diesel

Direct drive
No reduction or reverse gear

QUESTIONS?