2009-05

Security Level: Internal Use

Introduction to New HSPA Features of WCDMA RAN12

ISSUE1.0
Wireless Product Service Department (WCDMA-RAN Product Import Team)

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Learning about the new uplink and downlink features of HSPA of the RAN12

Mastering the configuration of new features

Knowing about the license control and limitation of new features

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Optional Features of the RAN12.0

New Service Features of the NodeB V200R012 Sales Guide to Key Features of the RAN12 RAN12 Configuration Adjustment Guide

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Chapter 1 UL IC
Chapter 2 UL 16QAM Chapter 3 UL L2 Enhancement Chapter 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO Chapter 5 DC-HSDPA Chapter 6 FDE

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Feature 1 UL IC

Background and Benefits

WCDMA is a self-interference system whose capacity is restricted by mutual interference between users. Particularly, high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) services cause large interference to other users.

By canceling the UL interference caused by high-speed services, interference cancellation (IC) increases the number of users that can be accessed to cells, improves the system capacity and average throughput, and provides customers with higher rate service experience.

Value and Advantages

Obviously raising the UL capacity of the UMTS, optimizing the edge coverage, and improving the cell throughput and user signal quality Consuming no extra CE resources Enabling the IC gain to be shared by all users in cells Implementing IC of the HSUPA services with the transmission time interval (TTI) being 2 ms and those with the TTI being 10 ms at the same time Sharing IC results between the boards with the IC capability Enabling the boards without IC capability to benefit from IC results

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Feature 1 UL IC

Technical Principles

Real-time Antenna and Time-Delay Antenna

Real-time Antenna Time-Delay Antenna Measures the UL load of a cell after IC Time-delay antenna data (data after IC, for cells) = real-time antenna data (for cells) regenerated data of all IC users

Measures the UL load of a cell before IC Real-time antenna data (for cells): means the cell baseband data received by the UL processing module of the NodeB after being processed by the RF module. Regenerated data (for IC users): means the user baseband data rebuilt on the basis of the original information about some E-DPDCHs obtained from real-time antenna data and the features of radio channels

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Feature 1 UL IC

Technical Principles

The NodeB demodulates the uplink E-DPDCH data of HSUPA services, performs IC based on the demodulated data and the originally received baseband data, and then re-demodulates the baseband data after IC.

One demodulation/data regeneration: After receiving real-time antenna (including the data of all

users), the NodeB demodulates the data of different users, and then modulates the data of
these users to obtain the modulated data of each user, that is, regenerates the user data.

IC: The regenerated data is sent to the IC module to cancel the interference signals on specific channels. User demodulation: The data after IC processing is demodulated again to obtain the data of each user.
Regenerated data

Real-time antenna data

One demodulation/ data regeneration

Regenerated data

IC

Data after IC

User demodulation

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Feature 1 UL IC

Implementation of the NodeB

Hardware Configuration

BTS3812E/BTS3812AE: Configure the EULPd board. DBS3800: Configure the EBBCd board. BTS3900 series: Configure the WBBPd board.

UE: category 1 to 7
A cell-oriented license is configured independently on the NodeB side. Whether the NodeB enables the IC algorithm depends on the board capabilities of a cell and the IC license. No algorithm control switch is available. In cells with the IC license enabled, IC can be implemented for only the most suitable users, instead of all HSUPA users, to make full use of IC resources due to the baseband processing resource limitations of the product.

License

Implementation Limitations

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Feature 1 UL IC

Implementation of the RNC

The RNC determines whether to enable the IC algorithm depending on whether the NodeB reports the time-delay antenna load. No algorithm switch is available. The RNC does not add the measurement control of time-delay antennas. For cells with the IC algorithm enabled, the RNC performs access control and preliminary

congestion control based on the load of time-delay antennas.

For cells with the IC algorithm enabled, the RNC still performs overload congestion control based on the load of real-time antennas.

Impacts on RAN NEs

NodeB: As a technology at the physical layer, IC is implemented in boards of the NodeB. RNC: The RNC obtains the UL load after IC from the time-delay antennas of the NodeB for more accurate access control and load control. UE: IC can be implemented for UEs of categories 1 to 7.

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Feature 1 UL IC

Configuration Activation (NodeB Side)

Buy an IC license, and then run the DSP LICENSE command to check the number of local cells that support the IC function. To activate the IC function, run the MOD LOCELL command and set the IC Capability parameter to TRUE.

To check whether the IC is supported, run the LST LOCELL command and check whether the
IC Capability parameter is TRUE.

Modifying the IC Capability of Cells

Run the DEA CELL command to deactivate the logic cells on the RNC side. Run the MOD LOCELL command to modify the IC function configuration on the NodeB side.

Maintainability and Testability Means of IC

To add the RTWP measurement of time-delay antennas, start the cell-level RTWP measurement on the LMT. Rename the RTWP measurement of antennas "board-level RTWP measurement".

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Chapter 1 UL IC Chapter 2 UL 16QAM Chapter 3 UL L2 Enhancement Chapter 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO Chapter 5 DC-HSDPA Chapter 6 FDE

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Feature 2 UL 16QAM

Background and Benefits

3GPP introduces HSUPA UE category 7 in R7 to support the 16QAM modulation and reach a UL peak rate of 11.5 Mbit/s theoretically. The UL system capacity of the HSUPA network is increased. A higher peak rate can be reached for HSUPA users (UE category 7).

Technical Characteristics

In the case of 16QAM, a gain is achieved only when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high. Therefore, a good channel environment is required, for example, a cell with good indoor coverage or micro coverage.

In comparison with QPSK, a gain is achieved only when 16QAM is used after the UL rate reaches 4 Mbit/s. Therefore, the UL 16QAM is configured only after the maximum business rate (MBR) exceeds 4 Mbit/s.

A higher gain can be achieved when UL 16QAM is used with other technologies such as FDE. The condition for selecting 16QAM is: the amount of data to be sent at the TTI is large enough, and the signal quality in the location of the UE is good enough, so that the transmit power of the UE is enough for 16QAM.

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Feature 2 UL 16QAM

Hardware Configuration

DBS3800: Configure the EBBCd. BTS3812E/AE: Configure the EULPd.

When the EBBI (or EDLP) and EULPd are configured, UL 16QAM is supported. When the HBBI (or HDLP) and EULPd are configured, UL 16QAM is not supported.

BTS3900: Configure the WBBPd1 or WBBPd2. The RRU3804, WRFU, multi-mode RRU, and multi-mode RFU support UL 16QAM. The 20W RRU can support UL 16QAM, but the performance is decreased. A cell-oriented license is independently configured on the NodeB.

RF Requirements

License Control

The 16QAM license must be sold together with the FDE license. Users can buy the FDE
license only, but they must buy the FDE license if they buy the UL 16QAM license.

Configuration Activation

NodeB side: Run MOD LOCELL to enable local cells to support 16QAM. Run LST LOCELL to view the 16QAM capabilities of cells.

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Chapter 1 UL IC Chapter 2 UL 16QAM Chapter 3 UL L2 Enhancement Chapter 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO Chapter 5 DC-HSDPA Chapter 6 FDE

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Feature 3 UL L2 Enhancement

Background and Benefits

In implementation of RAN11.0 and earlier versions, a UL RLC works only in fixed PDU mode, that is, the PDU size is fixed. Fixed-size PDUs cannot support high-speed services effectively. When the window size is fixed, small PDUs cannot support high-speed services. Large PDUs can support high-speed services, but the power on the cell edge may be restricted. In addition,

fixed-size PDUs may introduce some extra headers and fill bits, which affects the transmission
efficiency. For example, when a UE moves from the cell center to the cell edge, the transmit power of the UE is restricted when it reaches a certain distance. In this case, the throughput drops rapidly, and data transmission may be easily interrupted.

3GPP introduces uplink L2 enhancement in R8. The UL RLC (in UM or AM mode) can support flexible PDUs and fixed PDUs. When working in flexible PDU mode, the RLC can receive PDUs with different sizes flexibly to reduce the uplink PDU size, and improve the throughput under the restricted uplink transmit power.

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Feature 3 UL L2 Enhancement

Technical Principles

After the flexible PDU size is introduced at the RLC layer, the RLC on the RNC side can process RLC PDUs with flexible sizes. For data PDUs, the RLC regroups the PDUs into SDUs and delivers them in the uplink. For control PDUs, the processing mode is similar to that of data PDUs except that the PDU size is fixed. For the RLC on the SRB side, the flexible PDU

size is temporarily unavailable, but the RLC can be carried over UL L2.

The MAC-i/is entity is used at MAC layer. The key difference between MAC-i/is and MAC-e/es is that MAC-i/is supports data segmentation at MAC layer, and can select proper PDU sizes according to the air interface quality to improve the transmission efficiency.

RAN NE Dependency

NodeB: Only the R12 supports this feature. Baseband boards except H-series boards support this feature. UE: UEs of R8 and later versions can support this feature. License: The NodeB performs cell-oriented license control. New hardware: None

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Feature 3 UL L2 Enhancement

Configuration Activation

To activate the configuration, run the MOD LOCELL command and set L2 Enhancement to TRUE. To view the L2 enhancement capability, run the LST LOCELL command, set MODE to LOCALCELL, and set LOCELL. You can view the UL L2 enhancement capability from the

return result on the LMT.

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Chapter 1 UL IC Chapter 2 UL 16QAM Chapter 3 UL L2 Enhancement Chapter 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO Chapter 5 DC-HSDPA

Chapter 6 FDE

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Feature 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO

Background and Benefits

The MIMO and 64QAM features are introduced by 3GPP in R7. These two features can be used respectively. Restricted by the capabilities of UEs, however, a single user cannot be configured with 64QAM and MIMO at the same time. Compared with the traditional HSPA+ technology, 64QAM+MIMO brings the following gains: For an MIMO-enabled network, the average throughput gain should be limited when 64QAM and MIMO are jointly applied in macro cell scenarios because there are few areas with a high SNR required by 64QAM modulation. The gain is higher in micro cell scenarios. For a 64QAM-enabled network, a certain gain is achieved when 64QAM and MIMO are jointly applied in both macro and micro cells because the gain mainly comes from the application of MIMO. When the HS-DSCH expansion capability level specified in R8 is 19 or 20, MIMO and 64QAM can be configured at the same time, and the DL peak rate reaches 42 Mbit/s. In R8, 64QAM+MIMO can achieve a higher throughput and better QoS, greatly improving user experience. In particular, the rate of VIP users with better channels is greatly improved. For telecom operators who want to apply the MIMO technology to networks, it is worthwhile to increase the peak rate of VIP users from 28 Mbit/s to 42 Mbit/s with less costs.

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Feature 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO

Technical Principles

The 64QAM+MIMO technology means that a UE working in MIMO mode can use 64QAM to transmit single/double currents when channels are in good conditions. In this case, the peak rate doubles that achieved by 64QAM, that is, 2 x 21 Mbit/s = 42 Mbit/s.

Technical Constraints

DL 64QAM+MIMO can be implemented on the basis of DL L2 enhancement.

Cells need to support the 64QAM, MIMO, and MIMO+64QAM functions. HS-SCCH type 3 is used for MIMO+64QAM, whereas HS-SCCH type 2 is used for HS-SCCH Less Operation. Therefore, MIMO+64QAM cannot be used with HS-SCCH Less Operation.

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Feature 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO

Hardware Configuration

To support the 64QAM+MIMO feature, the required hardware configuration of the NodeB is as follows: BTS3900: Configure the WBBPb or WBBPd. DBS3800: Configure the EBBC or EBBCd. BTS3812E/BTS3812AE: Configure the EBBI or EDLP. Configure two RRUs with a single transmit channel or one RRU with dual transmit channels (for example, RRU3808).. RNC: Configure the DPUe board UE: Categories 19 and 20

License

The NodeB performs cell-oriented license control.

Configuration Activation

To activate the configuration on the NodeB side, run the MOD LOCELL command to set DL 64QAM_MIMO Capability to TRUE. To view the 64QAM+MIMO capability on the NodeB side, run the LST LOCELL command, set MODE to LOCALCELL, and set LOCELL. You can view the DL 64QAM+MIMO capability from the return result on the LMT.

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Chapter 1 UL IC Chapter 2 UL 16QAM Chapter 3 UL L2 Enhancement Chapter 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO Chapter 5 DC-HSDPA Chapter 6 FDE

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Feature 5 DC-HSDPA

Background and Benefits

Due to the rapid development of data services and driven by the competition with LTE, the UMTS needs to improve the spectrum resource utilization continuously to improve the DL air interface capabilities and enrich the service experience of users. The new DC-HSDPA technology introduced in R8 aims to improve the user throughput through larger spectrum bandwidth. Dual-cell HSDPA (DC-HSDPA) enables users to receive the HSDPA data sent from two inter-frequency DL cells under the same coverage at the same time. The network side can dynamically select between two carriers for HSDPA transmission. Compared with the traditional HSPA technology, DC-HSDPA brings the following gains: Improving the peak throughput of users. When the DC-HSDPA and 64QAM features are used together, the peak throughput can reach 42 Mbit/s, helping telecom operators surpass other mobile operators or even fixed-network operators. Obtaining a system capacity gain of 20% which decreases with the increasing users. Better equalizing the inter-TRX load in the same sector. Compared with SC-HSDPA, DC-HSDPA features frequencyselective scheduling and dynamic multi-carrier gain equalization, thus increasing the system capacity. The gain is more obvious particularly when the load on the two carriers is unequal. Greatly reducing the burst service and HTTP service delay. As the user peak rate is increased, the HTTP service response delay can be greatly reduced, and user service experience can be improved. Improving the user experience of cell edge users and enhancing the DL coverage. Fully utilizing spectrum resources of telecom operators to improve the capacity and achieve a good backward compatibility with original UEs.

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Feature 5 DC-HSDPA

Comparison between DC-HSDPA and MIMO

If the network load is high but frequencies are unavailable, MIMO is used. If a telecom operator has two frequencies or more and needs to win over other operators, DC-HSDPA can be used.

Feature
DC-HSDPA

Advantage
DC-HSDPA has lower requirements on signal quality, and can greatly increase the throughput of cell edge users and improve the DL coverage. The gain of cell edge users is greater than the gain of cell center users.

Disadvantage
The system capacity gain is smaller than that of MIMO. In addition, the system capacity gain decreases along with the growth of user number.

MIMO

The system capacity gain is higher than that of DC-HSDPA.

MIMO has a high requirement on signal quality, and does not increase the rate of cell edge users obviously.

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Feature 5 DC-HSDPA

Technical Principles Anchor/supplementary carrier cell Anchor carrier cell: carries all channels other than HS-DSCHs, including DPCHs/F-DPCHs, E-HICHs, EAGCHs, and E-RGCHs. Supplementary carrier cell: carries the physical channels that receive only the DL carriers other than anchor carriers when DC-HSDPA is enabled in CELL_DCH state, including P-CPICHs and HSDPAs. The DL frequencies of a cell are used as anchor carriers, and the DL frequencies of the other cell are used as supplementary carriers. Only the UL frequencies of the cell corresponding to the anchor carrier frequencies are used in the uplink. DC users belong to both anchor and supplementary carrier cells. The DC users can be scheduled in each cell. Compared with a single cell, the number of users who can be scheduled is doubled, users with high-quality channels can be selected through DL scheduling, and the system throughput is increased. In addition, the channel attenuation of DC users is different in the two cells, and the probability of high-quality channels is higher than that of SC users (frequency-selective gain). Therefore, the throughput of users is increased, and the service delay is reduced. Restrictions of DC Cells DC-HSDPA is used only on DL HS-DSCHs. The anchor and supplementary carrier cells must belong to the same NodeB and work on adjacent carriers. The anchor and supplementary carrier cells must use the same transmit antenna. The anchor and supplementary carrier cells are synchronous in time, that is, Tcell of the two cells is the same. In this way, the UEs working in DC-HSDPA require only one DPCH. According to relevant protocols, the delay of the two cells meet the 1/4-chip precision. It is recommended that the two carriers in the same sector share a transmit channel, that is, share one RRU to meet time delay requirements. If two RRUs are used, the two carriers use different transmit channels, and the two RRUs must be cascaded. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

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Feature 5 DC-HSDPA

Technical Characteristics

Differentiated Bearer Policy of DC-HSDPA For the CS services, IMS signaling, SRB signaling, or PS Conversational services with a small amount of data, the single-carrier bearer is still used because the gain obtained by DC-HSDPA is not obvious. For the BE/Streaming services, DC-HSDPA can be used first. Mobility Management In the case of HO, the active set information and measurement reports of DC users are sent over anchor carriers, and whether an intra-frequency HO or inter-frequency HO occurs is determined depending on whether the anchor carrier frequency is the same as the adjacent cell frequency. Supporting state transition on DC-HSDPA The UE state transition is directly performed according to the state transition of a single carrier. Service hierarchy If the f1 frequency is preferred for R99 services, and the f2 frequency is preferred for HSPA services on the original network, after this feature is introduced, both f1 and f2 can be used for DL HSUPA, and f2 is recommended for UL HSUPA. In this way, the uplink load on f1 can be reduced, avoiding influence on R99 services.

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Feature 5 DC-HSDPA

Hardware Configuration of the NodeB

BTS3900: Configure one baseband board supporting six cells (for example, WBBPb3, WBBPb4, WBBPd1 or WBBPd2) or two baseband boards supporting three cells (for example, WBBPb1 or WBBPb2).

DBS3800: Configure the EBBC or EBBCd.

BTS3812E/BTS3812AE: Configure the EBBI or HBBI+EDLP+EULP (or EULPd).

Dependency

The DC-HSDPA feature must be used with the DL L2 enhancement feature, that is, both DCHSDPA and DL L2 enhancement need to be purchased.

License Control

License control is available.

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Feature 5 DC-HSDPA

Configuration Activation

NodeB Side To configure the a local DC group, run ADD DUALCELLGRP. To query a local DC group, run LST DUALCELLGRP. RNC Side To enable the DC-HSDPA switch, run SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: CfgSwitch=CFG_HSDPA_DC_SWITCH-1; When both DC+64QAM and MIMO+64QAM are supported, to set the preference to DC-HSDPA, run SET FRC: MIMOorDcHSDPASwitch=DC-HSDPA-1; To activate the 42M license to make the DL peak rate exceed 28 Mbit/s, run ACT LICENSE: ISPRIMARYPLMN=YES, FUNCTIONSWITCH4=HSPA_DOWN42_PER_USER-1; Add the typical parameter configurations for the ADD/MOD/RMV TYPRABHSPA, ADD/MOD/RMV TYPRABRLC, and ADD/MOD/RMV TYPRABOLPC commands for 35200 kbit/s services. Match the parameters according to the RAB assigned rate and the HS-DSCH category capability of the UE. Add the typical parameter configurations for the ADD/MOD/RMV TYPRABHSPA, ADD/MOD/RMV TYPRABRLC, and ADD/MOD/RMV TYPRABOLPC commands for 42100 kbit/s services. Match the parameters according to the RAB assigned rate and the HS-DSCH category capability of the UE.

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Chapter 1 UL IC Chapter 2 UL 16QAM Chapter 3 UL L2 Enhancement Chapter 4 DL 64QAM+MIMO Chapter 5 DC-HSDPA Chapter 6 FDE

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Feature 6 FDE

Background and Benefits With the continuous increase of the HSUPA throughput, the interference becomes serious in multipath scenarios. The RAKE receiver only combines the multipath energy instead of canceling multipath interference. The multipath interference becomes the major factor that affects the increase of user throughput. The frequency domain equalization (FDE) can effectively cancel the multipath interference, and further improves the cell capacity and coverage in comparison with the traditional RAKE receiver technology. When fixed reference channel 8 (FRC8) is used, the result of simulation shows that the RAKE receiver supports a data rate of only about 4 Mbit/s, while FDE supports the full data rate of 8.1 Mbit/s. Technical Principles The major technologies for canceling inter-path interference include linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) and FDE. Both LMMSE and FDE focus on equalization. Huawei adopts the FDE solution. UL FDE means that the UL receiver of the NodeB equalizes the spectrum in the frequency domain of the HSUPA E-DPDCHs. After the equalization, the inter-path interference of EDPDCHs is suppressed, thus improving the SNR of the E-DPDCHs. FDE resources are already reserved by baseband boards. Therefore, no CE resources are consumed when FDE is used, and the baseband boards are not affected.

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Feature 6 FDE

Hardware Configuration of the NodeB

Only D-series boards support the FDE feature. DBS3800: Configure the EBBCd. BTS3812E/AE: Configure the EULPd. When the EBBI (or EDLP) and EULPd are configured, FDE is supported. When the HBBI (or HDLP) and EULPd are configured, FDE is not supported. BTS3900: Configure the WBBPd1 or WBBPd2. License control based on the cell number is available. To enable the FDE for the local cell, run MOD LOCELL and set FDE Capability to TRUE.

License Control

Configuration Activation

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1. 2.

What are the new HSPA features of the RAN12? Do you know the basic principles, hardware configuration, and activation of each feature?

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Thank You
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