Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Awareness Types of Scaffolding Scaffolding Basics Erecting Scaffolds Inspection of Scaffolds Dos and Donts
Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)
USA (v. 2008) 2
Anatomy of a Fall
Source: Anatomy of a Fall diagram from Associated General Contractors of Wisconsin, 6th Annual State Risk Mgmt. Conference, Madison, 1998
USA (v. 2008) 3
Fall Protection (3 methods): Fall Prevention (e.g., guardrail system) Work Positioning, secures you to a location, thus preventing a fall Fall Arrest Systems, consisting of a full body harness, lanyard, and anchorage
USA (v. 2008) 5
Scaffolding
A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height
Types of Scaffolds
Supported Scaffolds
Ladder Jack Pump Jack Frame or Fabricated Tube and Coupler Mobile Specialty Pole
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Suspended Scaffolds Two-Point Single-Point Adjustable Catenary Multi-point Adjustable Interior Hung Needle Beam Multi-Level Float (ship)
USA (v. 2008) 11
Boatswains Chair
Seat slings must: Pass through four corner holes in the seat, Cross on the underside of the seat, Be rigged to prevent slippage which could cause the chair to be outof-level, and Be at least 5/8 diameter fiber, synthetic, or other first-grade manila rope of equivalent criteria (strength, slip resistance, durability, etc.).
USA (v. 2008) 12
Specialty Scaffolds
Specialty Scaffolds are designed for a narrow and very specific range of applications. Specialty Scaffolds Include: Plasterers Decorators', and other largearea scaffolds; Bricklayers' square scaffolds; Horse scaffolds Outrigger scaffolds Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds Form and carpenter's bracket scaffolds Window jack scaffolds; Crawling boards and chicken ladders Roof bracket scaffolds.
USA (v. 2008) 13
Outrigger Scaffolds
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Not to exceed 50 pounds per square foot 8 foot longitudinal post spacing 6 foot traverse post space 1 work level
6 additional planked levels 125 feet maximum height 0 additional planked levels 78 feet maximum height
Not to exceed 25 pounds per square foot 10 foot longitudinal post spacing 6 foot traverse post space
1 work level
8 additional planked levels 125 feet maximum height
2 work levels
2 work levels
4 additional planked levels 125 feet maximum height
3 work levels
0 additional planked levels 91 feet maximum height
Heavy Duty
Not to exceed 75 pounds per square foot 6 6 foot longitudinal post spacing 6 foot traverse post spacing 1 work level
6 additional planked levels 125 feet maximum height
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Basics
Training Employers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the procedures to control or minimize the hazards. Inspections Before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect the structural integrity, a competent person must inspect the scaffold and scaffold components for visible defects.
USA (v. 2008) 17
Basics
Fall protection (e.g. guardrails) required at a 10 foot height above a lower level. [1926.451(g)(1)] When erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds, a competent person must determine the feasibility of providing a safe means of access and fall protection for these operations
NOTE: guardrails recommended at work platform heights greater than 18 4 feet
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All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used
USA (v. 2008) 21
Erecting Scaffolding
Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened
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Tubular Welded-Frame Scaffolds Cross members must be locked together with cotter pins or equivalent Safway scaffolds have G locks which open with slight pressure and lock automatically after guardrail slips into place
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Overlap Each plank on a continuous run scaffold must extend over its supports by at least 6 and overlap each other by at least 12
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Side and End Brackets Side and end brackets are designed to support people ONLY. Brackets are not to be used on rolling towers Brackets introduce overturning and/or uplift forces.
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Do not store materials on side or end bracket platforms Only store materials on scaffolds which are for immediate use Do not overload platforms with materials.
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Climbing
Do not climb on cross members or railings Access ladders must be used; attachable ladders must extend 3 feet above platform
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Climb Safely Face the rungs Use both hands Do not carry materials while you climb Keep one hand firmly on frame or ladder at all times Rungs and shoes should be clean to avoid slipping
USA (v. 2008) 30
Mobile Scaffolds
Height not to exceed 4* times the minimum base dimension
(Example, if base is 6 x 10, the maximum height is 24)
Planks must extend the full length of the scaffold Do not ride on a mobile rolling tower scaffold while it is being moved. Guardrails and toeboards required on all sides when over 10 feet
* In California and some other states, height must not exceed 3 times.
USA (v. 2008) 31
Mobile Scaffolds
All tools or other objects which could fall from the scaffold must be removed or secured before moving the scaffold At each new location, the scaffold shall be put on firm ground and kept plumb Manual force used to move the scaffold must be applied as close to the base as possible, but not more than 5 feet above the supporting surface.
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Lock all casters before getting on a rolling tower. Casters shall remain locked while in use
USA (v. 2008) 34
height must not exceed 3 times the smaller base dimension unless scaffold is tied to the structure
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Do not use unstable objects such as blocks, loose bricks and similar objects
USA (v. 2008) 38
Clearances
Any work where the tube could come into contact with the line would need to be 6 meters plus the Danger Zone distance relative to the voltage and nature of insulation in order that the scaffold tube cannot enter the Danger Zone
USA (v. 2008) 40
Clearances
300 volts to 50 kv
10 feet
More than 50 kv
Uninsulated Lines Up to 50 kv More than 50 kv 10 feet 10 feet plus 4 for each additional kv
USA (v. 2008) 41
What types of PPE should you use when working on or near a scaffold? 1. 2. 3.
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The concrete blocks are stacked six high, there are no base plates on some legs, scaffold legs are bearing on unstable objects, and there is improper/inadequate bracing.
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Where ladders end, plasterers clamber onto bundles of sticks that stud the Great Mosque. These serve as scaffolding --a grid of permanent perches.
Photograph by Sarah Leen, National Geographic, June 2001
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