Overview of DOCSIS

DOCSIS

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

INTRODUCTION TO DOCSIS
CABLELABS An organization that govern the DOCSIS certification for Cable TV Industry equipments - Defined several standards for cable TV industry - One such standard is for Cable Modem and is known as DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)

MAIN COMPONENTS OF DOCSIS

HeadEnd Distribution Hub (resides in HeadEnd) Cable Modem Computer/TV

HEADEND

Contains the major equipment for the network Talks to different Video Sources as well as Data traffic, assembles and sends to Distribution Hub Contains Cable Modem Terminating System (CMTS)

HeadEnd

Video Source2

Distribution Hub
Assembly of Video + Data packets

Distribution Hub Data Source2 CMTS

Distribution Hub
Receives Assembled data from the Head End. Assembled Data Contains Video Packets + Data Packets

The function of the Hub contains

Modulator which modulates the Video packets to different Channels Receiver to receive data from the subscriber.

Distribution Hub
CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2
DOWNSTREAM

CHANNEL n MODULATOR

HEAD END
UPSTREAM

From Sub 1 From Sub 2 From Sub n RECEIVER

CABLE MODEM

HEADEND

Cable Modem

Cable Modem

Cable Modem

CMTS

Cable Modem

Cable Modem

Cable Modem

General Architecture of Cable Modem

TUNER Demodulator MAC Interfaces USB Ethernet PCI

Converts TV Channel to a fixed lower frequency

A/D Conversion, Demodulation, Error Correction, MPEG synchronization.

Burst Modulator

Extracts data from MPEG frames, Filter data from CMs, Times transmission of upstream bursts

-In the transmit direction -D/A conversion -Reed Solomon encoding of each burst
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Interesting Question

Why did we talk about Cable Modem?

DOCSIS is the standard that govern the

Cable Modem, Cable Modem Terminating System and their environment.

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DOCSIS
Standard that defines passing of data (IP), over Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) networks.

Data goes along with Video packets.

Main purpose is to ensure interoperability between Cable Modem at Subscribers location and Cable Modem Terminating System at operators headend.

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Generations of DOCSIS

DOCSIS 1.0 DOCSIS 1.1 DOCSIS 2.0 DOCSIS 3.0

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DOCSIS 1.0
Primary Internet access service to the Subscribers

A single cable is shared by multiple subscribers

Includes Baseline privacy features to provide the subscriber security over the shared HFC access network. Most of the BW is reserved for Downstream (from CMTS to CM)

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DOCSIS 1.0

Introduces Efficient utilization of BW, through Web browsing and email. Supports best effort transmission of data Baseline Privacy Features (SP-CMTS-SMI) Security Management Interface (SMI)

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DOCSIS 1.1

Adds ability to delivery data very accurately Supports Telephone Services Backward compatibility to DOCSIS 1.0 Have Quality of Service and management of network equipment. When used in DOCSIS 1.0 environment, it doesnt assure accurate delivery of data.

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DOCSIS1.1
Introduces

Quality of Service -Dynamic Service -Concatenation

SNMP Version3 - Fault Management CM Authentication

-Fragmentation
IP Multicast

CM Account Mgmt

-Payload Header Suppression

Enhanced Security Software

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(Difference between DOCSIS 1.0 and DOCSIS 1.1)

DOCSIS 1.1 builds upon 1.0, but also includes the following features: Quality of Service Dynamic Services Concatenation Fragmentation Payload Header Suppression IP Multicast CM Authentication SNMP v3 View-based access control and management (VACM) CM Account Management Fault Management Secure Software

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DOCSIS 2.0

Since DOCSIS 1.1 provides the QOS and enhanced Security, that was lacking in DOCSIS 1.0, DOCSIS 2.0 mainly focuses on Improvement of performance more efficient use of network capacity.

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DOCSIS 2.0
Features Improved in DOCSIS 2.0: Upstream Capacity:

+ Triples the maximum capacity when compared to DOCSIS 1.1 + Increased Upstream throughput to 30.72Mbps. - Uses a fewer timeslots to transmit a given amount of BW than DOCSIS 1.x cable modems. The saved TS are used by other CMs, which increases the throughput.

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DOCSIS 2.0
Higher Modulation (Improved Signal Processing) DOCSIS 1.0 provide modulation rate of QPSK DOCSIS 1.1 provide modulation rate of 16 QAM DOCSIS 2.0 provide modulation rate of 64QAM or 128QAM Allows more subscribers and services on a single channel ->increased revenues to operators.

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DOCSIS 2.0
Advanced PHY layer modulation techniques that allows operators to run higher modulation levels. Supports immunity to Ingress Noise.

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DOCSIS SPECIFICATION
There are different specifications for each piece of the system.

A DOCSIS reference model is defined to understand the layout of different specifications.

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DOCSIS REFERENCE MODEL

Operations Support System PSTN
T1/T3

50 - 860 MHz
Transmit ter

O/E Node

Video

Combiner

Remote Access Server

Fiber O/E
Receiver

Node O/E Node

MOD

Network Termination

5 42 MHz

coax

Splitter

Backbone Network

WAN

Backbone Transport Adapter

DEMOD

CMTS

Cable Modem

HEAD END

Security & Access Controller

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The Existence of DOCSIS

DOCSIS covers many aspects of the Cable network. Included in the architecture are: The link between the PC and the Cable Modem (CM) The link between the CM and the Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) Network Management Link Privacy Generic information about the network beyond the CMTS

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DOCSIS SPECIFICATIONS
The link between PC and the Cable Modem (CMCI) The link between the CM and the CMTS Network Management (CMTS-OSSI) Link Privacy (CMTS-SMI) Generic information about the network beyond the CMTS (CMTS-NSI)

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CMRFI

Cable Modem to RF Interface Defines the messages that flow over Coax and into Cable Modem Description of those messages Description of Electrical modulators and PHY layer Techniques.

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CMCI

Cable Modem to Computer Interface

- Defines the protocol between the PC to Cable Modem

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CMTS-SMI

Cable Modem Termination System Security Management Interface Also known as DOCS SS (Security System) Allows only the Valid users to use the system Data is encrypted so that a user is assured of privacy of their data

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OSSI
Operation System Service Interface Network Management activities Allows the operator to detect problems in the network and determine the following * - Status * - Capability * - Provisioning of the parameters for Cable Modem

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 A DOCSIS compliant cable modem requires access to three types of servers in order to successfully come online. The first is a DHCP server, which provides the cable modem with an IP address, a subnet mask and other IP related parameters. The second is an RFC868 compliant Time of Day (ToD) server which lets the modem know what the current time is. A cable modem needs to know the time in order to be able to properly add accurate timestamps to its event log. The third is a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server from which a cable modem is able to download a DOCSIS configuration file containing cable modem specific operational parameters.
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Simple DOCSIS LAB

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Ranging

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Thank you

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