KOREAN PAINTING

Korean painting includes paintings made in Korea or by overseas Koreans on all surfaces. It includes art as old as the petro glyphs through post-modern conceptual art using transient forms of light. Calligraphy rarely occurs in oil paintings and is dealt with in the brushwork entry, Korean calligraphy. Introduction Generally the history of Korean painting is dated to approximately 108 C.E., when it first appears as an independent form. Between that time and the paintings and frescoes that appear on the Goryeo dynasty tombs, there has been little research. Suffice to say that until the Joseon dynasty the primary influence was Chinese painting though done with Korean landscapes, facial features, Buddhist topics, and an emphasis on celestial observation in keeping with the rapid development of Korean astronomy. Throughout the history of Korean painting, there has been a constant separation of monochromatic works of black brushwork on very often mulberry paper or silk; and the colorful folk art or min-hwa, ritual arts, tomb paintings, and festival arts which had extensive use of color. This distinction was often class-based: scholars, particularly in Confucian art felt that one could see colour in monochromatic paintings within the gradations and felt that the actual use of colour coarsened the paintings, and restricted the imagination. Korean folk art, and painting of architectural frames was seen as brightening certain outside wood frames, and again within the tradition of Chinese architecture, and the early Buddhist influences of profuse rich thalo and primary colours inspired by Art of India.

English: Donggwoldo (literally "Painting of Eastern Palace") is a representative Korean painting depicting the two royal palaces, Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung located in the east of the main palace, Gyeongbokgung. The painting of the Joseon Dynasty is drawn from a birds-eye-view and on silk. Two transcriptions have been handed down; one with a width of 583 cm and a height of 274 cm is stored in Korea University Museum, while the other with a width of 576 cm and a height of 273 is in Dong-A University Museum. This file is Dong-A University's version. This painting is on the movable wall which could also be folded. It's made of paper, silk and wood. Donggwoldo is designated as the 249th National Treasure of South Korea.

A number of names have been given to the whistling arrow in the Chinese language. (Note: whistling arrows here refers to arrowheads bearing both a whistle mechanism and a sharp point.) The earliest literary record of such arrows is to be found in the Annals of the Huns in the Historical Annals of Sima Qian

Whistling Arrows and Arrow Whistles

Landscape Painting - late Chosun Period (1392-1910)

This was painted through the decline of the strong Buddhist culture which helped lead to a reduction in quality celadon products, also helped to move Korean painting away from religious ideas. Paintings during the Chosun period begins to draw actual scenes such as Korean countrysides or people engaged in activites. The genre for this mostly comes from the "Minhwa" genre, these types of art work can still follow the traditional styles of artwork in earlier periods The winter scene depicts the frigid weather in Korea and yet the beauty it still beholds in the painting. This painting has an unknown artist because it was drawn through the idea of "Minhwa", which are known to have unknown artists.

Myojakdo
Myojakdo (literally, "Painting of Cats and Sparrows") is a Korean painting depicting two cats and sparrows on an old tree, drawn by Byeon Sang-byeok during the late period of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). It is regarded as a representative animal painting called yeongmohwa and painted on silk with light coloring over the ink and wash painting (sumukhwa). The Myojakdo is 93.7 cm in height and 42.9 cm in width. It forms part of the collection of the National Museum of Korea in Seoul, South Korea.

Mountains And Rivers Without End is a large 18th century silk painting by Korean artist Yi In-Mun , located in the National Museum of Korea.

Dancheong refers to Korean traditional decorative coloring on wooden buildings and artifacts for the purpose of style. It literally means "cinnabar and bluegreen" in Korean. It is based on five basic colors; blue (east), white (west), red (south), black (north), and yellow (center). Dancheong has various symbolic meanings. Dancheong also patterns and colors. It functions not only as decoration, but also for practical purposes such as to protect building surfaces against temperature and to make the crudeness of materials less conspicuous. Applying dancheong on the surfaces of buildings require trained Dancheong, decorative paintings on a building at skills, and artisans called dancheongjang Gyeongbok Palace () designed the painted patterns.[

Dancheong refers to Korean traditional decorative coloring on wooden buildings and artifacts for the purpose of style. It literally means "cinnabar and blue-green" in Korean.It is based on five basic colors; blue (east), white (west), red (south), black (north), and yellow (center). Dancheong has various symbolic meanings. Dancheong also represented social status and rank by using various patterns and colors.[t functions not only as decoration, but also for practical purposes such as to protect building surfaces against temperature and to make the crudeness of materials less conspicuous. Applying dancheong on the surfaces of buildings require trained skills, and artisans called dancheongjang () designed the painted patterns

Gyeongbokgung, also known as Gyeongbokgung Palace or Gyeongbok Palace, is a royal palace located in northern Seoul, South Korea. First constructed in 1394 and reconstructed in 1867, it was the main and largest palace of the Five Grand Palaces built by the Joseon Dynasty. The name of the palace, Gyeongbokgung, translates in English as "Palace of Shining Happiness." Nearly destroyed by the Japanese government in the early 20th century, the walled palace complex is slowly being restored to its original form prior to destruction. As of 2009, roughly 40 percent of the original number of palace buildings still stand or are reconstructed.

Geunjeongjeon

Gwanghwamun (Hangul: ; Hanja: ) is the main and largest gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace, located in Seoul, South Korea. As a landmark and symbol of Seoul's long history as the capital city during the Joseon Dynasty, the gate has gone through multiple periods of destruction and disrepair. Recent restoration work on the gate was finished and revealed to the public on August 15, 2010.

Gangnyeongjeon

Gangnyeongjeon, is a building used as the king's main residing quarters.[First constructed in 1395, the fourth year of King Taejo, the building contains the king's bed chamber. Destroyed during the Japanese invasions of Korea in 1592, the building was rebuilt when Gyeongbokgung was reconstructed in 1867, but it was again burned down by a major fire on November, 1876 and had to be restored in 1888 following the orders of King Gojong.However, when Huijeongdang of Changdeokgung Palace was burned down by a fire in 1917, the Japanese government dismembered the building and used its construction materials to restore Huijeongdang in 1920.] Current Gangnyeongjeon was built in 1994, meticulously restoring the building to its original specifications and design. Gangnyeongjeon consists of corridors and fourteen rectangular chambers, each seven chambers located to the left and right side of the building in a layout out like a checkerboard. The king used the central chamber while the court attendants occupied the remaining side chambers to protect, assist, and to receive orders.

Geunjeongjeon

Geunjeongjeon, also known as Geunjeongjeon Hall, is the throne hall where the king formally granted audiences to his officials, gave declarations of national importance, and greeted foreign envoys and ambassadors during the Joseon Dynasty. The building was designated as Korea's National Treasure No. 223 on January 8, 1985. Geunjeongjeon was originally constructed in 1395 during the reign of King Taejo, but was burned down in 1592 when the Japanese invaded Korea. The present building was built in 1867 when Gyeongbokgung was being reconstructed. The name Geunjeongjeon, created by the minister Jeong Dojeon, means "diligence helps governance."

Gyeonghoeru, also known as Gyeonghoeru Pavilion, is a hall used to hold important and special state banquets during the Joseon Dynasty.It is registered as Korea's National Treasure No. 224 on January 8, 1985. The first Gyeonghoeru was constructed in 1412, the 12th year of the reign of King Taejong, but was burned down during the Japanese invasions of Korea in 1592. The present building was constructed in 1867 (the 4th year of the reign of King Gojong) on an island of an artificial, rectangular lake that is 128 m wide and 113 m across.[ Constructed mainly of wood and stone, Gyeonghoeru has a form where the wooden structure of the building sits on top of 48 massive stone pillars, with wooden stairs connecting the second floor to the first floor. The outer perimeters of Gyeonghoeru are supported by square pillars while the inner columns are cylindrical; they were placed thus to represent the idea of Yin & Yang. When Gyeonghoeru was originally built in 1412, these stone pillars were decorated with sculptures depicting dragons rising to the sky, but these details were not reproduced when the building was rebuilt in the 19th century. Three stone bridges connect the building to the palace grounds, and corners of the balustrades around the island are decorated with sculptures depicting twelve Zodiac animals.

Gyotaejeon

Gyotaejeon (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), also called Gyotaejeon Hall, is a building used as the main residing quarters by the queen during the Joseon Dynasty.The building is located behind Gangnyeongjeon, the king's quarters, and contains the queen's bed chamber. It was first constructed in around 1440, the 22nd year of King Sejong the Great. King Sejong, who was noted to have a frail health later in his reign, decided to carry out his executive duties in Gangnyeongjeon, where his bed chamber is located, instead of Sajeongjeon. Since this decision meant many government officials routinely needed to visit and intrude Gangnyeongjeon, King Sejong had Gyotaejeon built in consideration of his wife the queen's privacy. The building was burned down in 1592 when the Japanese invaded Korea, but was reconstructed in 1867. Nevertheless, when Daejojeon of Changdeokgung Palace was burned down by a fire in 1917, the Japanese government disassembled the building and recycled its construction materials to restore Daejojeon. The current building was reconstructed in 1994 according to its original design and specifications. The building, like Gangnyeongjeon, does not have a top roof ridge called yongmaru.

Hyangwonjeong Hyangwonjeong (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), or Hyangwonjeong Pavilion, is a small, two-story hexagonal pavilion built around 1873 by the order of King Gojong when Geoncheonggung residence was built to the north within Gyeongbokgung. The pavilion was constructed on an artificial island of a lake named Hyangwonji (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), and a bridge named Chwihyanggyo (Hangul: ; Hanja: ) connects it to the palace grounds. The name Hyangwonjeong loosely translates as "Pavilion of Far-Reaching Fragrance," while Chwihyanggyo translates as "Bridge Intoxicated with Fragrance." The bridge Chwihyanggyo was originally located on the north side of the island and was the longest bridge constructed purely of wood during the Joseon Dynasty; however, it was destroyed during the Korean War. The bridge was reconstructed in its present form on the south side of the island in

Jagyeongjeon (Quarters of the King's mother) Jagyeongjeon , also called Jagyeongjeon Hall, is a building used as the main sleeping and living quarters by Queen Sinjeong (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), the mother of King Heonjong. First constructed in 1865, it was burned down twice by a fire but was reconstructed in 1888.[] Jagyeongjeon is the only royal residing quarters in Gyeongbokgung that survived the demolition campaigns of the Japanese government during the Japanese occupation of Korea. The chimneys of Jagyeongjeon are decorated with ten signs of longevity to wish for a long life for the late queen, while the west walls of the Jagyeongjeon compound are adorned with floral designs.The protruding southeast part of Jagyeongjeon, named Cheongwonru (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), is designed to provide a cooler space during the summer, while the northwest part of Jagyeongjeon, named Bokandang (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), is designed for the winter months.The eastern part of Jagyeogjeon, named Hyeopgyeongdang (Hangul: ; Hanja: ) and distinguished by the building's lower height, was used by the late queen's assistants. The building and the decorative walls were registered as Korea's Treasure No. 809 on January 8, 1985.

Jibokjae (Private Royal Library) Jibokjae (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), located next to Geoncheonggung Residence, is a twostory private library used by King Gojong. In 1876, a major fire occurred in Gyeongbokgung Palace, and King Gojong, for a brief period, moved and resided in Changdeokgung Palace. He eventually moved back to Gyeongbokgung in 1888, but he had the pre-existing Jibokjae building disassembled and moved from Changdeokgung to the present location in 1891.Its name, Jibokjae, translates loosely in English as the "Hall of Collecting Jade."The building uniquely shows heavy influence of Chinese architecture instead of traditional Korean palace architecture.Its side walls were entirely constructed in brick, a method commonly employed by the contemporary Chinese, and its roof formations, interior screens, and columns also show Chinese influences. Its architecture possibly was meant to give it an exotic appearance.Jibokjae is flanked by Parujeong (Hangul: ; Hanja: ), an octagonal two-story pavilion, to the left and Hyeopgildang (Hangul: ; Hanja: ) to the right. Parujeong was constructed to store books, while Hyeopgildang served as a part of Jibokjae. Both of the buildings are internally connected to Jibokjae.

Goguryeo roof tile The earliest examples of Korean art consist of stone age works dating from 3000 BCE. These mainly consist of votive sculptures, although petroglyphs have also been recently rediscovered. This early period was followed by the art styles of various Korean kingdoms and dynasties. Korean artists sometimes modified Chinese traditions with a native preference for simple elegance, purity of nature and spontaneity. The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) was one of the most prolific periods for artists in many disciplines, especially in pottery. The Korean art market is concentrated in the Insadong district of Seoul where over 50 small galleries exhibit and there are occasional fine arts auctions. Galleries are cooperatively run, small and often with curated and finely designed exhibits. In every town there are smaller regional galleries, with local artists showing in traditional and contemporary media. Art galleries usually have a mixof media. Attempts at bringing Western conceptual art into the foreground have usually had their best success outside of Korea in New York, San Francisco, London and Paris.

Goguryeo Goguryeo tomb mural Budism was introduced to Goguryeo first in 372 CE because of its location spanning much of Manchuria and the northern half of Korea, closest to the northern Chinese states like the Northern Wei. Buddhism inspired the Goguryeo kings to begin commission art and architecture dedicated to the Buddha. A notable aspect of Goguryeo art are tomb murals that vividly depict everyday aspects of life in the ancient kingdom as well as its culture. UNESCO designated the Complex of Goguryeo Tombs and as a World Heritage Site because Goguryeo painting was influential in East Asia, including Japan, an example being the wall murals of Horyu-ji which was influenced by Goguryeo. Mural painting also spread to the other two kingdoms. The murals portrayed Buddhist themes and provide valuable clues about kingdom such as architecture and clothing. These murals were also the very beginnings of Korean landscape paintings and portraiture. However, the treasures of the tombs were easily accessible and looted leaving very little physical artifacts of the kingdom.

The Bangasayusang, or Geumdong Mireuk Bosal Bangasayusang (literally Gilt-Bronze Maitreya Bodhisattva Half-sitting Thinking Statue), is a gilt-bronze statue of what is believed to be the Maitreya, the future Buddha, in a semi-seated contemplative pose. It is commonly referred to as the Contemplative Bodhisattva or Gilt-Bronze Seated Maitreya in English. It is the National Treasure of Korea No. 83. The Bangasayusang is widely acknowledged to be one of the finest Buddhist sculptures ever produced and is a masterpiece of Korean art. It is now housed at the National Museum of Korea and is one of the most popular exhibits there.

Unified Silla art Unified Silla was a time of great artistic output in Korea, especially in Buddhist art. Examples include the Seokguram grotto and the Bulguksa temple. Two pagodas on the ground, the Seokgatap and Dabotap are also unique examples of Silla masonry and artistry. Craftsmen also created massive temple bells, reliquaries, and statutes. The capital city of Unified Silla was nicknamed the city of gold because of use of gold in many objects of art.

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