OMA000001 GSM Fundamentals

ISSUE 3.2

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

Objectives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Understand basic GSM technology Understand GSM network structure Familiar with some Huawei GSM BSS products Understand the future development of GSM.

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System

Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter 4 The Future Development

Internal Use

The Frequency Spectrum

GSM 900

Total bandwidth:
Bandwidth/channel: Channel availability:
Internal Use

25MHz
200KHz 124 ARFCN (1-124)
4

The Frequency Spectrum

DCS 1800
95MHz spacing

Base Station Receive

Base Station Transmit

1710

1785 1805

1880MHz

Total bandwidth: Bandwidth/channel: Channel availability:

Internal Use

75MHz 200KHz 374 ARFCN (512-885)

5

New standard

RGSM EGSM

GSM 900

RGSM EGSM

GSM 900

876 880

890

915 921

925

935

960

EGSM Extra 10MHz, therefore total available ARFCN become 174.

RGSM Extra 15MHz, therefore total available ARFCN become 199.

Internal Use

Calculation of Carrier Frequencies

GSM900 Fuplink (n) = 890 + (0.2 x n) MHz Fdownlink (n) = Fuplink (n) + 45MHz Where, 1 < n < 124 GSM1800 Fuplink (n) = 1710.2 + (0.2 x (n-512)) MHz Fdownlink (n) = Fuplink (n) + 95MHz Where, 512 < n < 885

Internal Use

GSM Multiple Access Methods

Time

Time

f
Frequency Division Multiple Access
Time Division Multiple Access

GSM system
Internal Use
8

GSM Multiple Access Method

dB
ARFCN 1 ARFCN 2 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 frequency

6
5 8 Users/ timeslots 4 3

2
1 0

200kHz 200kHz Note: Max number of users can only support up to 8Ts x 124ARFCN=(992 users). [ for GSM900]

Internal Use

CELL

Omni-Directional Cells

Omni

1 1
120 degree

120 Degree Sectors

3
Internal Use
10

Comparison between Omni / Sectorised Cells

Omni cells

1 1 1 1 1 1
First tier

4 2
1

120 deg. Directional Antennas

3 2
1

3
1

4
First tier

3 4 2
1

4 2

2 4 2 Ex. 3x4

3
Second tier

1
1

for first tier KI = 6 (theoretically)

for first tier KI = 2 - 3 narrow beam antennas (e.g. 60) better than wide beam antennas (e.g. 120)

Internal Use

11

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System

Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter 4 The Future Development

Internal Use

12

GSM Network Components

NSS OSS
OMC

AUC HLR EIR

MSC/VLR

PSTN

ME

SIM

BTS

BSC

MS
Internal Use

BSS
13

Mobile StationMS

MS=ME+SIM
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) Mobile Equipment

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Subscriber Identity Module

Internal Use
14

Subscriber Identity Module SIM

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) Location Area Identity (LAI) Subscriber Authentication Key (Ki) Mobile Station International Standard Data Network (MSISDN), it is optional.

GSM
15

Internal Use

Authentication

MS
Ki RAND

Um interface

Network
RAND Ki

A3
SRES

A3
SRES

=?
Accept / reject?
16

Ki = authentication key RAND = random number SRES = Signal Response

Internal Use

Base Station Subsystem BSS

SGSN

MSC

The Base Station Controller BSC The Base Transceiver Station BTS The Trans-coder TC and Sub multiplexer (SM)

TC/SM

BSC BTS
17

BSS
Internal Use

Base Station Controller 2 type of BSC

Old type of GSM BSC: BSC32 New type of GSM BSC: BSC6000

Internal Use

18

Base Station Controller BSC32 Structure

MSC
A
E1

BSC

TC/SM
E1

Asub

AM/CM

BAM

OMC

BM
E1 E1 E1

BM
E1

E1

BM
Abis
E1

BTS
Internal Use

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS
19

Base Station Controller BSC32 Structure

With AMCM, I can combine 8 BMs together to form a GSM BSS system with 1024TRXs!

BAM AM/CM
80M 80M 80M

0#

BM

BM

BM

1#

2#

. 8#

Internal Use

20

Base Station Controller BSC6000 Structure

MSC
A
Cabling subrack Power distribution box

BTS
Abis

GMPS/GEPS
Ater

GTCS TC
Cb

Air defence subrack

BM

Subrack

CBC

LMT

GMPS

Internal Use

21

BSC6000 features

Large capacity, high integration Supporting 2048TRX at the full rate; supporting 2048TRX at the half rate Maximum of traffic: 13,000 Erl; BHCA : 3,500,000 Maximum number of subscribers 650,000 Maximum number of cabinets 1 cabinetBM/TC combined 2 cabinetBM/TC separated

Internal Use

22

Base Transceiver System 4 type of BTS

GSM BTS3012 GSM BTS3900 GSM BTS3900A GSM DBS3900

Internal Use

23

BTS3012 Cabinet and Boards

Cabinet Top Access Subsystem (DCTB)
D M L C D E L C D E L C D S A C

Power and E MC

Antenna Front-End of the RF Subsystem (DAFU)

D C O M

D D P U

D C O M
Wiring

D D P U

D C O M

D D P U

Double transceiver subsystem

D T R U

D T R U

D T R U
Wiring FAN Air Inlet

D T R U

D T R U

D T R U

Common Subsystem

D T M U

D T M U

D E M U

D C S U

D C C U

D A T U

Wiring & Air Inlet Transmission Unit Transmission Unit

Internal Use

24

BTS3900 Cabinet and Boards

(1) Double radio filter unit (2) Fan box (3) GSM antenna and TMA control module (4) Baseband unit (5) Direct current distribution unit

-48V Cabinet

Internal Use

25

BTS3900A Cabinet and Boards Outdoor BTS

Internal Use

26

DBS3900 Structure Distributed Base Station

Internal Use

27

BTS3900A Cabinet and Boards Outdoor BTS

Internal Use

28

The Network Switching System

NSS
OMC

AUC HLR EIR

EC MSC/VLR
IWF
Mobile Switching Center Home Location Register Visitor Location Register Equipment Identity Register Authentication Center Inter-Working Function Echo Cancellor
Internal Use

PSTN

MSC HLR VLR EIR AUC IWF EC

BSS

29

Mobile Service Switching Center MSC

Call Processing Operations and Maintenance Support Inter-network & Inter-working Billing

Internal Use

30

Home Location Register HLR

Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN) Current subscriber VLR (current location) Supplementary service information Subscriber status (registered/deregistered) Authentication key and AuC functionality

Internal Use

31

Visitor Location Register VLR

Mobile Status(IMSI detached/ attached) Location Area Identity(LAI)

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI)

Mobile Station Roaming Number(MSRN)

Internal Use

32

Equipment Identity Register EIR

White List Black List Grey List

IMEI Is Checked against White List If NOT found, checked against Grey/Black List

If NOT found, checked against White List indications If found, returns a Black or Grey List indicator
Internal Use

IMEI Is Checked against Black/Grey List

33

Operation and Maintenance Sub System

OSS(NMC)

M2000

M2000

M2000

Region2

Region 3

BSC6000

Region 1

BTS3900
Internal Use

BTS3900A

DBS3900
34

Operation and Maintenance Center OMC

OMC/iManager M2000: OMC assigned specifically for GSM, CDMA & WCDMA NEs.

Internal Use

35

OMC Functional Architecture

Event/Alarm Management

Security Management

MMI OS
Fault Management Performance Management

DB
Configuration Management

Internal Use

36

M2000 Networking
Northbound interface

M2000 server Remote terminal

Client

NMS

NM center

Alarm box

IP over Ethernet, E1,DDN and X.25

Alarm box

Area 2

Area 1 Client IP Bearing Network Client 1 Client 2

LMT
Area 1
MG W MSC HLR MG W

RNC NodeB

LMT
Area 2
37

Internal Use

Typical Configuration of M2000 server

Sun 240 CPU Memory Hard disk Disk array Netra Sun Fire V890 2 CPUs /1.5 GHz 8 GB 6*146 GB One 6140 disk array (16*146 GB /per 6140) 4 CPUs /1.5 GHz 16 GB 8 CPUs /1.5 GHz 32 GB Sun Fire E4900 4 CPUs /1.5 GHz 16 GB 2*146 GB Two 6140 disk arrays (16*146 GB /per 6140) 8 CPUs /1.5 GHz 32 GB 12 CPUs /1.5 GHz 32 GB

2 CPUs/ 1.5 GHz 4 GB 2*146 GB None

Accessories Operating system Database Application software

DVD ROM/Network card/DATA 72 tape drive/English documentation Solaris 10 Sybase 15.0.2 M2000 Server application software

Internal Use

38

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System

Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter 4 The Future Development

Internal Use

39

GSM Interface
D VLR B MSC E EC EC MSC G VLR C HLR H AUC EIR F

IWF

IWF

A TC

SGSN
Internal Use

Gb

Ater Um BSC BTS Abis

MS
40

GSM Protocol

Internal Use

41

ITU Signaling System CCS7

CCS7 Levels
OSI Layers 7. Application 6. Presentation

MAP

TUP

ISUP

TCAP

BSSAP
(DTAP+BSSMAP)

5. Session
4. Transport 3. Network

SCCP
MTP Level 3 MTP Level 2 MTP Level 1 2 Mb/s Trunk
42

2. Link
1 Physical

Internal Use

Abbreviation of CCS7

MTP TCAP SCCP TUP ISUP MAP BSSAP BSSMAP DTAP

Message Transfer Part Transaction Capabilities Application Part Signaling Connection Control Part Telephone User Part ISDN User Part Mobile Application Part Base Station System Application Part BSS Management Application Part Direct Transfer Application Part

Internal Use

43

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System

Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter 4 The Future Development

Internal Use

44

GSM User World Wide

GSM will stay in the Lead, all professional Market Forecasts say
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

GSM users world wide in millions

Internal Use
45

Voice and Data Service

S e r v i c e a m o u t

D a t a

V o i c e

T o d a y 2 0 0 0

T i m e
46

Internal Use

Mobile Communication and Internet

7 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0

m i l l i o n

1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1

M o b i l e
Internal Use

I n t e r n e t
47

GSM Develop Path

3G 2.5G
2 Mbps 384 kbps IMT-2000

2G
57.6 kbps 9.6 kbps GSM HSCSD

115 kbps
GPRS

EDGE

1999

2000

2001

Internal Use

48

Summary

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System

GSM Network Components

Summary Terrestrial Interface

The Future Development

Internal Use

49

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved