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Kjell Zandin, while working in the Swedish Division of H. B. Maynard in the late 1960s, detected striking similarities in the sequence of MTM defined motions whenever an object was handled.
Under MOST, the primary work units are no longer basic motions as in MTM, but collections of these basic motions dealing with moving object.
MOST makes the assumption that to move an object, a standard sequence of events occurs.
Maxi MOST is used to analyze operations that are likely to be performed less than 150 times per week.
Basic MOST is used for operations that are likely to be performed more than 150 times but less than 1500 times per week.
Mini MOST is used to analyze operations likely to be repeated more than 1500 times per week.
The Decision Diagram provides a simple procedure for selecting the most appropriate MOST Work Measurement System to use.
The MOST Decision Diagram is based on +/- 5% accuracy and a 95% confidence level.
System Selection Charts may be used in lieu of the Decision Diagram for choosing the best MOST Work Measurement System to use.
The MOST Standard Form provides the analyst with a simple, consistent format for analyzing work using the method.
It should be possible to complete a MOST analysis by observing two complete cycles of work in slow motion.
If the method is well established and the analyst knows the operation and conditions, the Basic MOST calculations can be made from the office and used to predict the times for a new procedure.
TMU
TMU = Time Measurement Unit 1 TMU = 0.0006 minutes 1 TMU = 0.036 seconds
How it works
The purpose of the MOST system is to calculate the cycle time for an operation based on Pre-determined time study data.
The percentage runs higher for assembly and material handling and lower for machine shop operations.
ABG ABP A
A0 < 2 Inches
This is any displacement of the fingers, hands, and/or feet a distance of 2 inches or less.
A1 Within Reach
Actions that are confined to an area described by the arc of the outstretched arm pivoted about the shoulder.
G1 -- Light Object
Gain control of an object by grasping it as long as no difficulty is encountered.
G3 -- Heavy or Bulky
In grasping a heavy or bulky object there is a delay between when the object is grasped and when it begins to move due to weight, bulk, etc.
G3 -- Blind or Obstructed
Access to the object is restricted because an obstacle prevents the operator from seeing the object or creates an obstruction to the hand/fingers in attempting to gain control.
G3 -- Disengage
An application of muscular force to free an object from its surroundings typified by a need to overcome resistance followed by sudden movement and recoil of the object.
G3 -- Interlocked
Interlocked means the object is intermingled or tangled with other objects and must be separated or worked free before reaching control.
G3 -- Collect
Gain control of several objects jumbled together in a pile or spread out on a surface.
Placement (P)
This parameter is used to analyze actions at the final stage of an objects displacement to align, orient, and/or engage the object with other object(s) before control of the object is relinquished.
P0 -- Pickup Objects
This is placement in which no placement occurs. The object is picked up and held.
P0 -- Toss Object(s)
Another placement where placement does not occur. The object is released during the action distance (A) parameter without placing motions or pause to point the object toward the target.
P1 -- Lay Aside
The object is placed in an appropriate locations with no apparent aligning or adjusting motions.
P1 -- Loose Fit
The object is placed in a more specific location than described by the Lay Aside parameter, but with tolerances so loose that only a modest amount of control is needed for placement.
P3 -- Adjustments
Adjustments are defined as the corrective actions occurring at the point of placement, and recognized by obvious efforts, hesitations, or correcting motions to align, orient, and/or engage the object.
P3 -- Light Pressure
Because of close tolerances or the nature of the placement, the application of muscular force is needed to seat the object.
P3 -- Double
With double, two distinct phases occur during the total placing activity.
P6 -- Care or Precision
Extreme care is needed to place an object within a closely defined relationship with another object, and characterized by the obvious slow motion of the placement due to the high degree of concentration required.
P6 -- Heavy Pressure
As a result of very tight tolerances, a high degree of muscular force is needed to engage the object.
P6 -- Blind or Obstructed
Accessibility to the point of placement is restricted because an obstacle prevents the operator from seeing the point of placement, or creates an obstruction to the hand/fingers when attempting to place the object.
P6 -- Intermediate Moves
Several intermediate moves of the object are required prior to placing.
The Controlled Move Sequence describes the manual displacement of an object over a controlled path.
M1 -- Button/Switch/Knob
The device is actuated by a short pressing, moving, or rotating action of the fingers/hands/wrist/feet.
M3 -- Resistance, Seat/Unseat
Conditions surrounding the object or device require that resistance be overcome prior to, during, or after the Controlled Move.
M3 -- High Control
This parameter reflects the need to align an object using a high degree of visual concentration.
Cranking action is performed by moving the fingers, hand, wrist, and/or forearm in a circular path more than half a revolution. Less than this is considered a Push/Pull/Pivot.
Pivotal cranking is more efficient than push - pull cranking, and should be used whenever possible.
Process Time
Process time is that portion of work controlled by electronic or mechanical devices / machines, not by manual actions.
As a rule of thumb, the process time expressed as an index number should not exceed 20% of the cycle time.
Alignment refers to manual actions following the Move Controlled or at the conclusion of process time to achieve an alignment or specific orientation of objects.
Within the area of normal vision (a 4 diameter circle), the alignment of an object to two points can be performed without any additional eye times.
I1 -- To One Point
Following a controlled move, an object is aligned to one point.
I16 -- Precision
The object is aligned to several points with extreme care or precision following a Controlled Move.
I3 -- To Workpiece
A Machining Operations parameter where the machine tool is aligned to the workpiece prior to making a cut.
I6 -- To Scale Mark
Another Machining Operations parameter, the machine tool is aligned to a scale mark prior to making a cut.
Alignment of a nontypical object normally takes place as a series of short correcting motions (< 2) following the Controlled Move, usually with the assistance of stops, guides, or marks.
The Tool Use Sequence is a combination of the General Move and Controlled Move activities.
Tools not listed in the tables that are similar to a tool in the table can use their time values for analysis.
The Tool Use Sequence model makes use of the A, B, G, and P parameters, which are all familiar to us, plus the new Tool Use parameters.
Fasten / Loosen
Manually or mechanically assembling or disassembling one object to or from another using the fingers, a hand, or hand tools.
Index values for F and L are determined by the body member performing the action.
Finger Spins are the movement of the fingers and thumb to run a threaded fastener down or out, and include a light application of pressure for seating / unseating the fastener.
Wrist Actions
Wrist Turn Wrist Stroke (with reposition) Wrist Crank Tap
Wrist Turn
During a wrist turn, the tool is not removed from the fastener during use and not repositioned on the fastener after an action.
Wrist Crank
Wrist crank applies to tools that are spun or rotated around a fastener while remaining affixed to it.
Tap
This parameter covers the use of a hammer (or similar device) to exert short tapping motions by pivoting the hand at the wrist.
Arm Actions
Arm Turn Arm Stroke (with reposition) Arm Crank Strike T-Wrench (two hands)
Arm Turn(s)
Arm Turn(s), applying to ratchets, occur when the tool is held near the end of the handle, resulting in a pulling action on the tool.
Arm Crank
The tool is used with a circular movement of the forearm as it is pivoted at the elbow or the shoulder to push or crank the tool around the fastener.
Strike
Strike is the use of a hammer with an up and - down motion performed with the hand as it is pivoted from the elbow.
Power Tools
The use of electric and pneumatic power wrenches to run a standard threaded fastener down or out a length 1 1/2 times the bolt diameter.
The time values generated by the data card for power tool use must be compared to the times generated by the tools used in the shop, and adjusted if necessary.
Torque Wrenches
F6 -- Torque wrench handle length to 10. F10 -- Handle length from 10 - 15. F16 -- Handle length from 15 - 40.
In all cases, the value is for one arm action and includes the time either to align the dial or to await the click.
Tool Placement
As a general rule, the P parameter for the Fasten / Loosen tools will carry the index values indicated in the Tool Placement table.
Cut
Pliers Scissors Knife
Pliers
C3 -- Soft: Using pliers with one hand and making one cut. C6 -- Medium: Using pliers with one hand and making two cuts. C10 -- Hard: Using the pliers with two hands and making two cuts.
Pliers
C1 -- Grip: Using pliers to hold an item and subsequently release the pressure on the item. C6 -- Twist: Close pliers jaws on two wires and use two twisting actions to join the wires together. C6 -- Form Loop: Close pliers jaws on wire and using two actions, bend loop in end of wire. C16 -- Secure Cotter Pin: Use pliers to bend both legs on cotter pin to hold it in position.
Index values using scissors are selected according to the number of cuts used.
Surface Treat
Surface Treat covers the activities aimed at cleaning material or particles from or applying a substance, coating, or finish to the surface of an object.
Index values for cleaning tools are based primarily on the amount of surface area (sq. ft.) cleaned.
Micrometers < 4
M32 -- Depth measurement M42 -- Outside diameter measurement M54 -- Inside diameter measurement
Record
Write:
Mark:
Think
Most of the time think occurs internal to the manual work, but there are times it must be considered as a separate activity.
Think -- Inspect
The type of inspection work were looking at here is that where only simple yes / no decisions are quickly made on the existence of a particular defect in a part.
Inspect -- Read
The column Digits or Single Words is to be used for reading technical data (part numbers, codes, quantities, etc.) The column Text of Words is used when analyzing situations in which the operator reads words arranged into sentences or paragraphs. Other, specialized, values exist for reading gauges, scales, date/time, & tables.
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