Data Representation

Data inside the computer is represented as a series of 0 and 1 which are called bits. A bit is either a 0 or a 1 Bits can be grouped into bytes 1 byte = 8 bits 1 Kilobyte (KB) =1024 Bytes Binary System The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, represents numeric values using two symbols, 0 and 1. e.g 0111 Decimal System The decimal numeral system (also called base ten or occasionally denary) has ten as its base. It is the numerical base most widely used by modern civilizations It consists of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 e.g 124 Hexadecimal System Hexadecimal (also base 16, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16. It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 09 to represent values zero to nine, and A, B, C, D, E, F. It consists of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F e.g 14A

How to convert from Binary To Decimal

e.g 10011100 1 0 27 26 0 25 32 1 24 16 1 23 8 1 22 4 0 21 2 0 20 1

128 64

128 + 16+ 8+ 4 = 156 10011100=156

How to convert from Decimal To Binary ?

e.g 156 2)156 0 2)78 0 2)39 1 2)19 1 2)9 1 2)4 0 2)2 0 2)1 1

If there is no remainder write 0, else write 1

Ans : 10011100

How To Convert From Decimal To Hexadecimal ?

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

1. Divide the decimal number by 16. Treat the division as an integer division. 2 .Write down the remainder (in hexadecimal if remainder is greater than 9, ie. the remainder is 12, write down "C"). 3.Divide the result again by 16. Treat the division as an integer division. 4.Repeat step 2 and 3 until result is less than 1. 5.The hexadecimal value is the digit sequence of the remainders from the last to first. e.g 2500
16)2500 16)156 R 4 9 R 12 Ans: 9 12 4 = 9C4

How to Convert From Hexadecimal To Decimal ?

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F e.g B61F

B
11

6
6

1
1

F
15

163 162 161 160 Ans:(163 * 11 )+ (162 * 6)+ (16 * 1)+( 1*15)=46623

How to Binary ?

Convert

From

Hexadecimal

To

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F e.g B61F B 11 2)11 2)5 2)2 2)1 1 1 0 1 6 6 2)6 0 2)3 1 2)1 1 1 1 2)1 1 2)15 2)7 2)3 2)1 F 15 1 1 1 1

Ans: 1011 1101 1111

Difference Between 32 bit and 64 bit

Computer architecture motherboard,processor, OS For 32 bit, Maximum of 4Gb (232 ) space for addressing RAM to process data(By using 32 bits a processor can represent numbers from 0 to 4,294,967,295 ) For 64 bit, Maximum of space for RAM to process data is about 128Gb (264 The ability to handle large memory makes the 64 bit version more efficient while dealing with processes. Hence, it increases the overall performance of your PC.