CHAPTER 1

THINKING SKILL

What are Thinking Skills?

Is a mental activity that can be take on many forms. When you thinks, you may be: Forming an opinion or belief, remembering, reasoning, creating ideas or learning. It also an ability to help your mind do its job with more success and less frustration.

Types of Thinking Skills

Three major types of thinking skills

Decision-making skills Problem solving skills

Critical thinking skills

Decision Making Skills

To decide is to make a choice between two or more alternative. Six (6) steps to make a good decision :
1. State the question

2. List the goals

3. List the alternative 4. Gather some information 5. Consider and compare the alternatives 6. Make the decision

Decision Making Skills

Take time to determine whether or not your decision was good one. You can learn from the decision you made. When make decision, there are commitment and action.

YES decision NO decision

to agree to adapt to take action no effort inadequate motivation timidity

Level of decision (personal, family, group, community, organizational, national and international)

Problem Solving Skills

Problem= difficult situation that needs to be worked out. Solve= to find an answer to a difficult situation. Five (5)steps in problem solving: 1. State the problem-state what the problem is

2. List the possible solution-limit to obvious solutions

3. Gather some information-for each possible solutions 4. Consider and compare the solution- Pros + Cons 5. Choose a solution- you may revise your solution by testing it

Critical Thinking Skills

To think critically means to evaluate carefully what another person says or writes. It help you to decide if what another person says or writes is true or not. Three(3) major steps to thinking critically:
1. Find out if the speaker is is the speaker giving facts or just opinions? where did the speaker get the information? reliable 2. Make sure you understand the information
if not you cannot decide whether the information is true/not

3. Look for tricks meant to is the speaker trying to play on my emotion? is the speaker using the loaded word to persuade me? persuade you

Creative Thinking/Decision
It mean:
Bringing into being something of value that was not there before. Not limit only to the art but also science. Generative, constructive, productive and creative side of thinking.

Aims of creative thinking:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To explore all the creative possibilities. To clear the mind of wrong assumptions about the subject. To generate ideas that will result in specific actions. To create new conceptual framework. To develop creative plans.

 General principles of creative thinking:

Use lots of imagination Associate different ideas Be flexible

The Creative Challenge:

It does not out to judge, or criticize or find fault. It refuses to accept that the current way of doing things is necessarily the best way. It encourages exploration of other possibilities.

Analytical Thinking
System of higher education today focuses on the ability and development of students in analytical thinking. Analysis is the process of breaking up complex problems into smaller parts to overcome them. It also the process of identifying the cause of the problem. It also our effort to understand complex situation by looking at the situation through their various component or part. Today, many problems are solved not only by using analytical thinking but also by using our own creative thought just to solve the problem.

MIND MAPPING

http://www.mindwerx.com/master-trainers

Mind-Mapping
What is mind map?
Consist of a central word or concept. Around the central word you draw 5 main ideas. Then you take each those words and again draw 5-10 main ideas.

What can you do with a mind map?

Note taking Creative writing and report writing Studying the easy way Studying as a group (or family) Meeting & think tanks Giving a talk

Mind-Mapping
What can you do with a computer mind-map?
Easy re-structing
Moving words and trees of words around in second and quickly creating new ideas and ordering ideas into meaningful structure.

Highlighting
Using the style system you can instanly highlight different features of a complex mind map.

Comments
It help you to explain the sentence and therefore you are able to learned the contents of the mind map.

Presentability
Formal and high quality appearance of presentation.

Export
You can instantly export the mind map to a normal text file.

Introduction of Mind-Mapping
Was invented by Tony Buzan in 1974. Link the concept of mind mapping to radiant thinking in his book The mind Map Book: RadiantThinking He says that mind-mapping is a device that encourages you to put on paper, the words, symbols, images and codes that are associate with one thoughts, ideas, concepts or emotions. You can put down you thoughts and ideas in global, freeflowing, free associating and visual manner rather than in analytical/linear.

Introduction of Mind-Mapping (cont..)

Speryys Split-Brain Theory - Right Brain= emphasizes form and patterns, spatial, manipulation, and musical appreciation, imagination and tune of song. - Left Brain= emphasizes language, mathematical formula, logic, number, sequences, analysis and the word of song.

Advantages of mind-mapping over traditional methods

Advantages of Mind-Mapping Superior as a note taking and memory recall devices Disadvantages of Traditional Method Full sentence technique for some of the following reason

Save a lot of time in recording and reading Need a lot of time in recording and reading the words (about 75% to 90% words can the words (most of the words need to write be eliminate) as a note) Using a key words and image form Creative, personal and valuable note for individual Free-flowing, spontaneous and freeassociation More than text or passage Dull, not interesting and duplicated note Rigidity and confining of thoughts

How do you Mind-Map?

Begin at the center of the page with the main topic or ideas, The paper should be place horizontally(landscape). Once you have the main idea or topic, work outwards from in it directions to produce a unique pattern or ideas and sub-topics. Use about 5-7 clusters, where a cluster is a sub idea. Use 3-dimentional perspective and color to create more interest and dramatic. Normally, one word is used per line to make it more concise. Arrow, colors, and designs can be added to show connection and associations. Make use of a personal short-form, codes and symbols. Be creative, original and have fun.

1.

Seven (7) Intelligences based on Dr Howard Gardner

Linguistic
-sensitivity to language, meanings and relations among words. -found in: novelist, poet, editor, reporter and writer.

2.

3.

4.

Musical - sensitivity to pitch, rhythm, timbre, emotional power and complex organization of music. - found in: performer, composer and musical audience. Logical-mathematical - abstract thought, precision, counting and logical structre. - found in: mathematician, scientisct, engineer and lawyer. Spatial
- keen observation, visual thinking, mental image. - found in: architect, painter, chess player, physicist.

Seven (7) Intelligences based on Dr Howard Gardner (cont..)

5. Bosily-kinesthetic - control of ones body and objects, timing, trained responses that functions like reflexes. - found in: dancer, athlete, actor, karate and aerobic instructor. 6. Interpersonal
- sensitivity to others, ability to read the intentions and desires of others and potentially to influence them. - found in: politician, teacher, lecturer, salesman and manager.

7. Intrapersonal - self-knowledge, sensitivity to ones values, purpose, feelings, developed sense of self. - found in: novelist, counselor, wise elder and philospher.

 All of the theory that discussed are important because they can be associated or linked in the following manner and could be uses in teaching and learning process. For example, it can be used in learning process such as skimming, reading in detail, write short note, group discussion, questions to ask and participation. The following are the expected result of applying the above theories: 1. more integrated learning 2. saving time in learning 3. remembering better and faster 4. learning become more organized 5. academic performance should be improved

THE END