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Complement
Ex. Extremely painActivate the C3 Complement via alternative pathwaysC3a and othersanaphylatoxinreceptor on capillary endothelialvasodilatation, increase permeabilitymassive leakage of the plasmashock..(anaphylactic shock)
Antibody
Ex.Antibody ( mostly IgG) produced inside human body against self antigen, due to similarity structure to the intruder agent (ex. Streptococcus Beta Haemolyticus group A)Antibody attach to related Ag activate complementInflammationTissue injuryEx. Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cytokines
Mostly activated by biological product from outside human body. Ex. Pro-inflammatory citokines (Interleukin 1 and TNF alpha) in Avian influezae infection.Massive destruction of both side of human lung
Ex. Cats hair (other products), allergenic to some people induced IgE productionat the following contacts. Cytophylic IgE at Mast bound to Allergen sending signal to Mast CellDegranulated Mast CellVasoactive amine release ( Histamine etc ).Target organ.Vasodilatation on capillary and constriction on bronchus.Hypersensitivity type 1.
Bacterial Product
Bacterial Product that Penetrate the host Defence: Capsule Component of Cells Wall Enzymes
Enzymes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Leukocidins. Hemolysin Streptolysin Coagulase. Bacterial Kinase. Hyalorunidase. Collagenase. Lecithinase. Siderophore.
Bacterial capsules
Some bacteria produced strong capsule consist of polysacharide polymer : Pneumococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoe , Haemophylus influenzae, Bacillus anthracis etc. Anti-phagocytic activity. Toxycitic capacity.
Leukocidin, Haemolysin, Streptolysin Making a protein channel on Cytoplasmic membranecause cell death
Figure 15.5
Figure 15.5
Botulinum toxin, the most poisonous substance known, causes irreversible muscle _________________ (flaccid paralysis).
Enterotoxin activity
Ex. Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin After bacterial colonization- toxin releasedtoxin get into the intestinal mucosalcell activate the adenylate enzymatic cascadeproduced cyclic -5-AMP- accumulation of cell energy- activate the secretion of water and electrolyte from the to intestinal lumenproduced severe secretoric diarrhea