The Mole

Chemistry SOL 1.g.14; 4.a.1-6

Chemical Measurements
Atomic Mass
The

weighted average of the masses of existing isotopes of an element Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

Formula Mass
The

sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a compound as represented in a chemical formula

What is the formula mass for acetic acid (HC2H3O2)?

H 4 x 1.01 amu = C 2 x 12.01 amu = O 2 x 16.00 amu =

4.04 amu 24.02 amu 32.00 amu 60.06 amu

Molar Mass The mass in grams of one mole of a substance is the molar mass. The molar mass of a substance can be determined from its atomic mass or formula mass.

What is the molar mass of acetic acid? 60.06 amu = 60.06 g/mol

What is a Mole?
Mole Just as a dozen eggs represents 12 eggs, a mole of a substance represents 6.02 x 1023 representative particles of that substance. The experimentally determined number 6.02 x 1023 is called Avogadros number.

Representative particle refers to the species present in a substance: usually atoms, molecules, or formula units.
Substance Representative Particle Atom Chemical Formula N N2 CaF2 Representative Particles in 1.00 mol 6.02 x 1023 6.02 x 1023 6.02 x 1023

Atomic nitrogen

Nitrogen gas Molecule Calcium fluoride Formula unit

Atoms & Moles

The number of atoms in one mole of an element is always equal to 6.02 x 1023 atoms. Element Number of Atoms in One Mole 6.02 x 1023 atoms Cu Mass of One Mole 63.55 g 200.59 g

Copper (Cu)

Mercury (Hg) 6.02 x 1023 atoms Hg

Iron (Fe)

6.02 x 1023 atoms Fe

55.85 g

Molecule & Moles

If a substance exists in a molecule form because its atoms are joined by covalent bonds, then its smallest particle is a molecule. The number of molecules in one mole of a molecular substance is always equal to 6.02 x 1023 molecules. Molecular Substance Oxygen (O2) Number of Molecules in One Mole 6.02 x 1023 molecules O2 Mass of One Mole 32.00 g

Water (H2O)

6.02 x 1023 molecules H2O 18.02 g

Formula Units & Moles

If a substance is an ionic compound, it is represented by a formula unit. The formula unit is the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in an ionic compound. The number of formula units in one mole of an ionic compound is always equal to 6.02 x 1023 formula units. Ionic Compound Magnesium oxide (MgO) Number of Formula Units in One Mole 6.02 x 1023 formula units Mass of One Mole 40.31 g

Calcium fluoride 6.02 x 1023 formula units (CaF2)

78.08 g

Mole Conversions
Mass & Moles

The mole is the central unit in converting the amount of a substance from one type of measurement to another.

Converting to Mass & Moles

mol/g

Mass
g/mol

Moles

1. How many moles are in 11.2 grams of NaCl?

2. How many grams are in 2.50 moles of NaCl?

Converting to Particles & Moles

6.02x1023 particles/mol

Moles
mol/6.02x1023 particles

Particles

Particles = Atoms OR Formula Units OR Molecules

3. How many moles of barium nitrate (BaNO3) are in 6.80 x 1023 formula units?

4. Determine the number of atoms in 0.36 moles of Al.

Multi-step Conversions

Mass
Molar Mass

Particles
# of Particles in 1 mole

Moles

5. How many formula units of NaHCO3 are in 1.8 g of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)?