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Job
design :- activities that specify the content of each job and determine how the work is distributed within the organization Elements of job design Analysis of tasks Worker requirement Job environment
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Breaking
apart jobs into tasks and assigning tasks to different workers according to their special skills, talents and tools.
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graphic tool to analyze and time elementary motions of right and left hand in performing a routine ,repetitive task
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graphic tool to analyze and time the small physical action of worker and machine in performing a routine ,repetitive worker machine task to identify idle time of worker / machine
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Time (Min) 2.6
Operator Key in customer data Feed data card Position customer Take picture
Idle
3.4
1.2
Photo/card processed
Idle
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Inspect card
Process
flowchart is the graphical representation of the steps of a job. It is used to analyze ,how the steps of the job fit into the production process.
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.operation
transportation
inspection
storage
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Process Description
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
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1. 2. 3.
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Average
cycle Normal time =average cycle x worker rating Allowance fraction..fraction of time for needs, fatigue, delays Available fraction of time Standard time=normal time/available fraction of time
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Work sampling determines the proportion of time a worker spends on activities Define the job activities e.g. typing, phoning, filing, idle Determine the number of observations Conduct sample study Analyze the observations
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It involves observing or thinking through a job, recording job elements, recording predetermined motion units to calculate a performance standard.
Observe typical conditions i.e ,machine, materials &worker. Itemize job elements. Consult tables for predetermined time. Estimate allowance for needs etc. Calculate standard time for the job.
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Example of puncture repair. Limitation difficult to locate some job elements in predetermined table.
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Job
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Moving
employees into a job for a short time and then rotate to another job e.g Hard jobs Soft jobs Night shift This leads to skill development as well as reduces boredom
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Redesign job to provide greater variety , autonomy, task identity and feed back for employees simple low level jobs lead to
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Involving employees in Planning Organizing Controlling-their work Share information, goals & performance with workers Avoid excessive control Concept of self managing teams
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Behavioral approach
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Organizational; outcomes
Efficiency Productivity Quality Goal achievement Job satisfaction Promptness Attendance Longevity
Individual outcomes
Keeping in view
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