Chapter 6

Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa











Page 1
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
Introduction
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
A slab is structural element whose thickness is small compared to its
own length and width.

Slabs in Buildings are usually used to transmit the loads on floors and
roofs to the supporting beams







S , L t & S L << ~
Dimensional Hierarchy of Structural Members
Continuum
Regular Solid
(3D)
Beam (1D)
b h
L>>(b,h)
~
b
h
t
z
Plate/Shell (2D)
x z
t<<(x,z)
~
x
z
y
x
L
L
S
t
Column
Beam
Loads
Footing
Soil
Slab
Slab
Beam Beam
Beam Beam
Beam Beam
Column
Page 2
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
Introduction
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
Slabs are flexural members and as such, their flexure strength
requirement may be expressed by
n applied u
M M u s
,
Types of Slabs
Solid slabs :- which is divided into
- One way solid slabs
- Two way solid slabs

Ribbed slabs :- which is divided into
- One way ribbed slabs
- Two way ribbed slabs


Page 3
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
L
S
Beam
Beam
Main Reinft.
s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e

R
e
i
n
f
t
.

A one-way slab curves in one direction only under load. Accordingly
slabs supported on two opposite sides only and slabs supported on all
four sides, but L/S 2 are classified as one-way slabs.








Main reinforcement is placed in the shorter direction, while the longer
direction is provided with shrinkage reinforcement to limit cracking.
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
Page 4
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Two-way slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
L
S
A two-way slab curves in two directions only under load. Accordingly
slabs supported on all four sides, and L/S < 2 are classified as two-way
slabs.








Bending will take place in the two directions in a dish-like form.
Accordingly, main reinforcement is required in the two directions.
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
Page 5
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
1- Minimum Thickness
To control deflection, ACI Code specifies minimum thickness values
for one-way solid slabs, shown in the following Table.






2- Minimum Concrete Cover
a - Concrete exposed to earth or weather
for <16mm-----4.0 cm and for >16mm----- 5.0 cm
b - Concrete not exposed to earth or weather
for <32mm------2.0 cm
Page 6
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
S
2
S
1
1
m

S
2
S
1
L
3- Design Concept
One-way solid slabs are designed as a number of independent 1 m
wide strips which span in the short direction and supported on
crossing beams.









Page 7
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
4- Reinforcement Ratio
a- Maximum Reinforcement Ratio
One-way solid slabs are designed as rectangular sections subjected to shear
and moment. Thus, the maximum reinforcement ratio is




b- Shrinkage Reinforcement Ratio
According to ACI Code and f
y
=4200 kg/cm
2


where, b = width of strip, and h = slab thickness
c- Minimum Reinforcement Ratio
According to ACI Code


One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
y
c
f
f '
) 85 . 0 (
7
3
1 max
| =
h b A
shrinkage s shrinkage
= = 0018 . 0 0018 . 0
,

h b A
s
> 0018 . 0
min ,
Page 8
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
5- Spacing of Reinforcement Bars
a- Flexural Reinforcement Bars
Flexural reinforcement is to be spaced not farther than three times the slab
thickness (h
s
), nor farther apart than 45 cm, center-to-center.



b- Shrinkage Reinforcement Bars
Shrinkage reinforcement is to be spaced not farther than five times the slab
thickness, nor farther apart than 45 cm, center-to-center.





One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
45cm
h 3
of smaller S
max
s
}
s
45cm
h 5
of smaller S
max
s
}
s
Page 9
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
6- Loads Assigned to Slabs
w
u
=1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L
a- Dead Load (D.L)
1- Own weight of slab =
2- Weight of slab covering materials =0.23 t/m
2

tiles (2.5cm thick) =0.025x2.30
cement mortar (2.5cm thick) =0.025x2.10
sand (5.0cm thick) =0.05x1.80
plaster (1.5cm thick) =0.015x2.10
3-Equivalent Partition Weight
This load is usually taken as the weight of all walls carried by the slab
divided by the floor area and treated as a dead load rather than a live load.

One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
h
c

Page 10
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
b- Live Load (L.L)
It depends on the purpose for which the floor is constructed.

Some Typical Uniformly Distributed Live Load












One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
Apartment Buildings:
Residential areas and corridors 200 Kg/m
2
Public rooms and corridors 500 Kg/m
2
Office Buildings:
Lobbies and first-floor corridors 500Kg/m
2
Offices 250Kg/m
2
Corridors above first floor 400Kg/m
2
File and computer rooms 400Kg/m
2
Storage Warehouses
Light 600Kg/m
2
Heavy 1200Kg/m
2
Stairs and Exit Ways 500 Kg/m
2
Schools
Classrooms 200Kg/m
2
Corridors above first floor 400Kg/m
2
First-floor corridors 500Kg/m
2

Garages (cars) 250Kg/m
2
Retail Stores
Ground floor 500Kg/m
2
Upper floors 750Kg/m
2
Wholesale, all Floors 600Kg/m
2
Page 11
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way solid slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
S
2
S
1
L
The floor loads on beams supporting
the slab in the shorter direction may
be assumed uniformly distributed
throughout their spans.
7- Loads Assigned to Beams
The beams are usually designed to carry the following loads
- Their own weights.
- Weights of partitions applied directly on them.
- Floor loads.










Page 12
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Approximate Structural Analysis
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
ACI Code permits the use of the following approximate moments and shears
for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs, provided:
There are two or more spans.
Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans
not greater than the shorter by more than 20 percent.
Unit live load does not exceed three times unit dead load.
Loads are uniformly distributed.
Members are of similar moment of inertia along their lengths.




Page 13
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Approximate Structural Analysis
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)













Page 14
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Typical Reinforcement in a one-way slab
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)













Page 15
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Cutoffs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)













Page 16
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Summary of One-way Solid Slab Design Procedure
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
1- Select representative 1m wide design strip/strips to span in the short
direction.
2- Choose a slab thickness to satisfy deflection control requirements.
When several numbers of slab panels exist, select the largest
calculated thickness.
3- Calculate the factored load w
u
by magnifying service dead and live
loads according to this equation w
u
=1.20w
D
+1.60w
L
.
4- Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for each of the
strips.
5- Check adequacy of slab thickness in terms of resisting shear by
satisfying the following equation:

If the previous equation is not satisfied, go ahead and enlarge the
thickness to do so
d b f V
c u
' 53 . 0 u s
Page 17
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Summary of One-way Solid Slab Design Procedure
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
6- Design flexural and shrinkage reinforcement:
Flexural reinforcement ratio is calculated from the following equation



Make sure that the reinforcement ratio is not larger than
max
Compute the area of shrinkage reinforcement, where A
shrinkage
=0.0018bh

7- Draw a plan of the slab and representative cross sections showing
the dimensions and the selected reinforcement




(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
'

'
=
2
5
85 . 0
10 2
1 1
85 . 0
d b f
M
f
f
w c
u
y
c
|

Page 18
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Example 1
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
4.0 m 4.0 m 4.0 m
8
.
0

m

Using the ACI-Code approximate structural analysis, design for a warehouse,
a continuous one-way slab supported on beams 4.0 m apart as shown in
Figure . Assume that the beam webs are 30 cm wide.
The dead load is 0.3t/m
2
in addition to the own weight of the slab, and the
live load is 0.3t/m
2
.
Use f
c
=280 kg/cm
2
, f
y
=4200kg/cm
2










Page 19
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
4.0 m 4.0 m 4.0 m
8
.
0

m

1.0 m
W
u
17cm
1- Select a representative 1 m wide slab strip:
The selected representative strip is shown in Figure





2- Select slab thickness:
The clear span length, l
n

l
n
= 4.0 0.30 = 3.70 m
For one-end continuous spans,
h
min
= l/24 =4.0/24=0.167m
Slab thickness is taken as 17 cm



Page 20
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
3- Calculate the factored load w
u
per unit length of the selected strip:
Own weight of slab = 0.17 2.50 = 0.425 ton/m
2
w
u
= 1.20 (0.30+0.425) +1.70 (0.30)= 1.35 ton/m
2
For a strip 1 m wide, w
u
=1.35 ton/m

4- Evaluate the maximum factored shear forces and bending moments
in the strip:
w
u
=1.35 ton/m & l
n
= 3.7m





Page 21
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
0.77
1.85
1.68
1.68
0.77
1.85
1.68
1.68













Page 22
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
2.5
2.5
2.87
2.87
2.5
2.5













Page 23
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
5- Check slab thickness for beam shear:
Effective depth d = 17 2 0.60 = 14.40 cm, assuming 12 mm bars.
V
u,max
= 2.87 ton.


i.e. , slab thickness is adequate in terms of resisting beam shear.
6- Design flexural and shrinkage reinforcement:
Assume that =0.9


Where b = 100cm & d = 14.4cm


ton d b f V
w c c
58 . 9
10
4 . 14 100 280 53 . 0 75 . 0
' 53 . 0
3
=

= u = u
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
'
u

'
=
2
5
85 . 0
10 2
1 1
85 . 0
d b f
M
f
f
w c
u
y
c

02064 . 0
'
) 85 . 0 (
7
3
1 max
= =
y
c
f
f
|
Page 24
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
For max. negative moment, M
u
= 1.85 t.m











( )
10@20cm use 45 17) 3 or min(45 S
cm 22.75 S
S
0.79
100cm
3.47
cm 3.06 17 100 0.0018 A
A cm 3.47 14.4 100 0.00241 A
] 90 . 0 90 . 0 , [
90 . 0 01806 . 0
4200
280
) 85 . 0 85 . 0 (
8
3 '
) 85 . 0 (
8
3

0.00241
14.4 100 280 0.9 0.85
1.85 10 2
1 1
4200
280 0.85

max
10
strip
2
min , s
min , s
2
ve , s
Lim
1 Lim
max
2
5
u = =
= =
= =
> = =
= u = u >
= u > = = =
< =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

not if and if
f
f
y
c
|
Page 25
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
For max. positive moment, M
u
= 1.68 t.m











( )
10@25cm use 45 17) 3 or min(45 S
25.1cm S
S
0.79
100cm
3.15
cm 3.06 17 100 0.0018 A
A cm 3.15 14.4 100 0.00219 A
] 90 . 0 90 . 0 , [
90 . 0 01806 . 0
4200
280
) 85 . 0 85 . 0 (
8
3 '
) 85 . 0 (
8
3

0.00219
14.4 100 280 0.9 0.85
1.68 10 2
1 1
4200
280 0.85

max
10
strip
2
min , s
min , s
2
ve , s
Lim
1 Lim
max
2
5
u = =
= =
= =
> = =
= u = u >
= u > = = =
< =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

not if and if
f
f
y
c
|
Page 26
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
10@25
Shrinkage reinft.
10@25 10@20 10@20
10@25
10@25
10@25
10@25
17cm
Calculate the area of shrinkage reinforcement:
Area of shrinkage reinforcement = 0.0018 (100) (17) = 3.06 cm
2
/m
For shrinkage reinforcement use 10 mm @ 25 cm










Calculate the area of shrinkage reinforcement:
Area of shrinkage reinforcement = 0.0018 (100) (17) = 3.06 cm
2
/m
For shrinkage reinforcement use 10 mm @ 25 cm










Page 27
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution:
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
4.0 m 4.0 m 4.0 m
8
.
0

m

10@25 10@25 10@25
10@20 10@20 10@25 10@25












Page 28
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way ribbed slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
Rib
Hollow block
Topping slab
Temporary form
Figure [1] Hollow block floor Figure [2] Moulded floor
Ribbed slab consists of regularly spaced ribs monolithically built with a
top floor slab. The voids between the ribs may be either light material
such as hollow blocks [figure 1] or it may left unfilled [figure 2].










Page 29
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
One-way ribbed slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
If the ribs are provided in one direction only, the slab is classified as
being one-way, regardless of the ratio of longer to shorter panel
dimensions.










Page 30
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Key Components of One-way ribbed slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
L
c
Slab thickness (t)
a. Topping slab:
According to ACI Code, topping slab thickness (t) is not to be less than
1/12 the clear distance (L
c
) between ribs, nor less than 5.0 cm.






The topping slab is designed as a continuous beam supported by the
ribs and the maximum bending moment = w
u
L
c
/12.

Shrinkage reinforcement is provided in the topping slab in both
directions in a mesh form
Page 31
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Key Components of One-way ribbed slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
h 3.5 b
w
b
w
10
L
c
75 cm
b. Regularly spaced ribs:
Minimum dimensions:
According to ACI Code, ribs are not to be less than 10 cm in width,
and a depth of not more than 3.5 times the minimum web width and
Clear spacing between ribs is not to exceed 75.0 cm.




Loads:
The dead load includes own weight of the slab, weight of the surface
finish, and equivalent partition load.
The live load is dependant on the intended use of the building.
Page 32
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Key Components of One-way ribbed slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
b
e
Shear strength:
According to ACI-Code, shear strength provided by rib concrete V
c

may be taken 10 % greater than those for beams. It is permitted to
increase shear strength using shear reinforcement or by widening the
ends of ribs.
Flexural strength:
Ribs are designed as rectangular beams in the regions of negative
moment at the supports and as T-shaped beams in the regions of
positive moments between the supports.
Effective flange width b
e
is taken as half the distance between ribs,
center-to-center.


Page 33
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Key Components of One-way ribbed slabs
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
c. Hollow blocks:
Hollow blocks are made of lightweight concrete or other lightweight
materials. The most common concrete hollow block sizes are 40 25
cm in plan and heights of 14, 17, 20, and 24 cm.
Key Components of One-way ribbed slabs
c. Hollow blocks:
Hollow blocks are made of lightweight concrete or other lightweight
materials. The most common concrete hollow block sizes are 40 25
cm in plan and heights of 14, 17, 20, and 24 cm.
Minimum Thickness
c. Hollow blocks:
To control deflection, ACI Code specifies minimum thickness values
for one-way ribbed slabs, shown in the following Table.




Page 34
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Summary of One-way Ribbed Slab Design Procedure
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
1. The direction of ribs is chosen.
2. The overall slab thickness h is determined based on deflection
control requirement.
3. The factored load on each of the ribs is computed.
4. The shear force and bending moment diagrams are drawn.
5. The strength of web in shear is checked.
6. Design positive and negative moment reinforcement.




Page 35
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Example
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
5.0 m 5.0 m
3
.
8

m

Design a one-way ribbed slab to cover a 3.8 m x 10 m panel, shown in Figure
below. The covering materials weigh 225kg/m
2
, equivalent partition load is
equal to 75 kg/m
2
, and the live load is 200 kg/m
2
.
Use f
c
=280 kg/cm
2
, f
y
=4200kg/cm
2











Page 36
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
5.0 m 5.0 m
3
.
8

m

1. The direction of ribs is chosen:
Ribs are arranged in the short direction as shown in Figure







2. The overall slab thickness h is determined:
According to previous table, h
min
=380/16 = 23.75cm, use an overall slab
thickness of 24 cm.
Using concrete hollow blocks 40 cm 25 cm 17 cm
Topping slab thickness = 24 17 = 7 cm
Let width of web be equal to 10 cm
Page 37
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
1
.
0

m

0.4 m 0.4 m 0.1 m
0.05 m
0
.
2
5

m

0
.
2
4

m

7

c
m

1.0 m
Design of topping slab:
Area of shrinkage reinforcement, A
s
=0.0018(100)7=1.26 cm
2
Use 5 6 mm/m in both directions.
3. The factored load on each of the ribs is to be computed:
Total volume (hatched)
= 1.0 1.0 0.24 = 0.24 m3
Volume of hollow block
= 8 0.4 0.25 0.17 = 0.136 m3
Net concrete volume
= 0.24- 0.136 = 0.104 m3
Weight of concrete
= 0.104 2.5 = 0.26 ton
Weight of hollow blocks
= 8 17/10
3
= 0.136 ton/m
Total dead load
= 0.225 + 0.75 + 0.26 + 0.136
= 0.70 t/m
2

Page 38
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
w
u
=1.2(0.7)+1.6(0.2)=1.16 t/m
2
w
u
/m = 1.16 t/m
w
u
/rib=1.16x0.5= 0.58 t/m

4. Critical shear forces and bending moments are determined:
Maximum factored shear force = 0.58 (3.8/2) = 1.1 ton
Maximum factored bending moment = 0.58 (3.8)
2
/8 = 1.05 ton. m

5. Check rib strength for beam shear:
Effective depth d = 2420.600.6 =20.8 cm, assuming 12mm reinforcing
bars and 6 mm stirrups.



Though shear reinforcement is not required, 4 6 mm U-stirrups per meter
run are to be used to carry the bottom flexural reinforcement.
ton 1.1 V ton 1.44
10
20.8 10 250 0.53 0.75 1.1
1.1.
max u,
3
c
= > =

=
Page 39
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
10
24
7
A
s
50
1
.
0
5

t
.
m

2
2
5
44 . 1 8 . 20 10 00689 . 0
00689 . 0
8 . 20 10 50 2 0.85 9 . 0
05 . 1 10 2
1 1
4200
250 0.85

cm d b A
eff s
= = =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
7cm cm 3.10
10 250 0.85
4200 57 . 1
b ' f 0.85
f A
a
eff c
y s
< =

= =
6. Design flexural reinforcement:
Since the maximum factored moment creates compression in the flange, the
section of maximum positive moment is to be designed as a T-section
Assuming that a<7cm and =0.90 Rectangular section with b=b
eff
=50 cm





Use 210mm (A
s,used
= 1.57 cm2) one is straight and the other is bent-up in each
rib at its bottom side


The assumption is right
Page 40
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
OK cm 57 . 1 A cm 7 . 0 A
8 . 0 2 10
4200
14.06
8 . 0 2 10
4200
250 0.8
A d b
f
14.06
d b
f
' f 0.8
A
2
used s,
2
min s,
min s, w
y
w
y
c
min s,
= < =
> = > =
OK 9 . 0 005 . 0 0141 . 0
0.003
3.65
65 . 3 8 . 20
0.003
c
c d

cm 65 . 3
0.85
3.10

a
c
t
1
= u >> =
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
.
|

\
|

=
= = =
Check A
s,min






Check =0.9







Page 41
Design of Concrete
Structure I
University of
Palestine
Solution
Instructor:
Eng. Mazen Alshorafa
One way Slab (Solid and Ribbed Slabs)
5.0 m 5.0 m
3
.
8

m

1

1
0

m
1

1
0

m

1

1
0

m
1

1
0

m

7cm
17cm
40 cm
10 10
6mm mesh
@20 cm
6mm stirrups
@25 cm
24cm
210mm 210mm
A A
Section A-A
7. Neat sketches showing arrangement of ribs and details of the
reinforcement are to be prepared