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2. The fiber consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer, both of which are made of dielectric materials. 3. To confine the optical signal in the core, the refractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding.
Optical Fibre can be classified on the following heads1. 2. 3. 4. On the basis of mode of operation On the basis of design of cable On the basis of index of the cable On the basis of structure
GRADED-INDEX The light rays no longer follow straight lines. The light rays follow like sinus signal
Other types of Optical Fibre Cable Types of fiber optic cable of structures Three types of material make up fiber-optic cables Glass Optical Fiber: Glass fiber-optic cable has a Glass core and cladding. Glass fiberoptic cable the Fastest and the most expensive. Plastic Optical Fiber (POF): Plastic fiber-optic cable has a plastic core and cladding. Plastic fiberoptic cable is cheapest and slowest. It is suitable for short distance. Plastic Coated Silica Cable: (PCS). PCS fiber-optic cable has a Glass core and Plastic cladding. PCS fiber-optic cable cheaper than Glass optical fiber and slower than Glass optical fiber.
Buffer/jacket color Meaning Yellow single-mode optical fiber Orange multi-mode optical fiber Aqua 10 gig laser-optimized 50/125 micrometer multi-mode optical fiber Grey outdated color code for multi-mode optical fiber Blue Sometimes used to designate polarization-maintaining optical fiber Connector Boot Meaning Comment Blue Physical Contact (PC), 0 mostly used for single mode fibers; some manufacturers use this for polarization-maintaining optical fiber. Green Angle Polished (APC), 8 not available for multimode fibers Black Physical Contact (PC), 0 Grey, Beige Physical Contact (PC), 0 multimode fiber connectors
Some Parameters should be considered while operating an optical fibre cable,they are Optical cables sends data at 182,000 km/s, resulting in 5.5 ms of latency for each 1000 km. Thus the round-trip delay time is around 11 ms.
Because the infrared light used in communications can not be seen, there is a potential laser safety hazard to technicians. In some cases the power levels are high enough to damage eyes, particularly when lenses or microscopes are used to inspect fibers which are inadvertently emitting invisible IR. Inspection microscopes with optical safety filters are available to guard against this.
Typical modern Multimode Graded-Index fibers have 3 dB/km of attenuation loss at 850 nm and 1 dB/km at 1300 nm. 9/125 Singlemode loses 0.4/0.25 dB/km at 1310/1550 nm. POF (plastic optical fiber) loses much more: 1 dB/m at 650 nm. Plastic Optical Fiber is large core (about 1mm) fiber suitable only for short, low speed networks such as within cars.
Fiber optic cables find many uses in a wide variety of industries and applications. Some uses of fiber optic cables include: Medical Used as light guides, imaging tools and also as lasers for surgeries Defense/Government Used as hydrophones for seismic and SONAR uses, as wiring in aircraft, submarines and other vehicles and also for field networking Data Storage Used for data transmission Telecommunications Fiber is laid and used for transmitting and receiving purposes Networking Used to connect users and servers in a variety of network settings and help increase the speed and accuracy of data transmission Industrial/Commercial Used for imaging in hard to reach areas, as wiring where EMI is an issue, as sensory devices to make temperature, pressure and other measurements, and as wiring in automobiles and in industrial settings
This Project is prepared under the Guidance of1.Mr. Lalit Verma 2.Mr. Mohd. Aslam
This Presentation is prepared by Ankita Pandey (Group Leader) Ajay Kumar Rishabh Shukla Shikher S George Siddharth Goverdhan