Submitted by: Ibadat Singh Sethi Sakshi Gupta

Artificial Intelligence

Science and Engineering of making intelligent machines with broader aspect of facilities and leisure and wide communication qualities.

Intelligence in artificiality

Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. This Intelligence when brought to simulation and computation through any machine creature by means of algorithms and logic give rise to Artificial Intelligence

Flashback Artificial Intelligence

The 1956 Dartmouth conference was the moment that AI gained its name, its mission, its first success and its major players, and is widely considered the birth of AI.

In 1950 Alan Turing published a landmark paper in which he speculated about the possibility of creating machines with true intelligence.

The Turing Test was the first serious proposal in the philosophy of artificial intelligence.
Alan Turing, Manchester

Turing Machine
Turing Machine manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape.
The Turing test is a proposal for a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence.
Turing Machine (1937)

Important Timelines of AI
Year 1915 1941 Development

Leonardo Torres build Chess automation

Konrad Zeus build first program controlled computer

1945 1950
1956 1958 1957 1965 1993 2007

Evolution of Game theory in AI Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test

AI introduced worldwide from Dartmouth Conference John McCarthy invented LISP programming language GPS demonstrated by Newell, Shaw and Simon Edward Feigenbaum initiated Dendral Polly(a behavior based robot) by Ian Horswill Blue Brain, a project to simulate brain at molecular level

TYPES OF AI
CONVENTIONAL AI Conventional AI mostly involves methods now classified as machine learning, characterized by formalism and statistical analysis. Expert systems: apply reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. An expert system can process large amounts of known information and provide conclusions based on them. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE Computational intelligence (CI) is a set of nature-inspired computational methodologies and approaches to address complex real-world problems to which traditional approaches are ineffective or infeasible. Neural networks: systems with very strong pattern recognition

Research World
Expert Systems
Natural Language Processing(NLP) Logic

Neural Networks
Robotics

Expert Systems
An Expert System is software that attempts to provide an answer to a problem, or clarify uncertainties.

It was the first software AI. Expert systems are designed to take the place of human experts, while others are designed to aid them.

Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Understanding, which investigates methods of allowing the computer to comprehend instructions given in ordinary English so that computers can understand people more easily. Related Discipline: Linguistics - study of language and of languages Psycholinguistics - language and the mind, models of human language processing Neurolinguistics - neural-level models of language processing Logic - unambiguous formal language used in representing (unambiguous) meanings

Logic
Logic is the study of reasoning. Informal logic is a branch of logic whose task is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism and construction of argumentation.

Logic was introduced into AI research in1958 by John McCarthy for knowledge representation and problem solving and other problems as well.

Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks tries to simulate the structure and/or functional aspects of biological neural networks. Neural Networks are mathematical constructs that emulate the processes people use to recognize patterns, learn tasks, and solve problems.

Real Life Examples

Vehicle control, fitness approximation. Artificial neural networks have also been used to diagnose several cancers. Gesture, speech, handwritten text recognition, game-playing and decision making (chess, poker). pattern recognition (face identification, object recognition.

Robotics
Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics and AI are often seen as two different fields entirely, robotics being a mechanical engineering field, and AI being computer science related. ASIIMO is a humanoid robot created by Honda. It stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility AIBO is one of the several pets designed by Sony.

Applications of AI
Computer Science Finance Medicine Heavy industry Transportation Telecommunications Music Aviation Toys and games

Ethics and Risks for AI

People might lose their jobs to automation. People might have too much (or too little) leisure. People might lose their sense of being unique. People might lose some of their privacy rights. The use of AI systems might result in loss of accountability. The success of AI might mean the end of the human race.

Conclusion

Mankind has long been curious about how the mind works and fascinated by intelligent machines. AI is a result of the merge of philosophy, mathematics, psychology, neurology, linguistics, computer science, and many other fields. Though fast-growing, AI has never actually caught up with all the expectation imposed on it. Conclusion ally, AI is a young, energetic, and attractive science.

Any Questions?