Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
by Don L. F. Nilsen
Linguistic Relativity Metaphor Metonymy Naming of Persons, Places or Things Paradox Parody Prose Styles Prototype Theory Regional Differences Rhetorical Devices (Schemes & Tropes) Satire Signifying Speech Acts Symbolism Synecdoche VARIES model
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WORD-ATTACK SKILLS: Analysis vs. Synthesis: Parsing vs. Generative Grammar Denotation vs. Connotation: Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life views of abortion Systematic vs. Accidental Gaps: schplick vs. blick
LEVELS OF ADEQUACY:
Prescriptive Adequacy: What people should do
Evaluative Adequacy: Based on Elegance Simplicity Completeness Internal Consistency Generative Power
SURFACE STRUCTURE:
Syntax Allotag Tagmeme Morpheme
Morphology Allomorph
Grapheme Phoneme
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Pragmatics (Context, Deictics, Anaphora, Speech Acts, Conversational Implicatures, Intent, Felicity Conditions)
Semantics Alloseme
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Sememe
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!LANGUAGE VARIATION SPEAKING, PARLANT, VARIES: V-Vocational Differences A-Age Differences Individual Language R-Regional Differences I-Informality Differences E-Ethnic Differences S-Sex Differences
!!FORM-MEANING CORRELATION CONTRAST SOUNDS, SPELLINGS AND MEANINGS: Antonyms: tall vs. short Converses: buy vs. sell Cognates: embarrassed vs. embarazada Heteronyms: minute vs. minute
AMBIGUITY:
ANOMALY:
Call me a taxi!
John me cow a gave. Bill hit John. vs. John was hit by Bill.
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References: Clark, Virginia P., Paul A. Eschholz, and Alfred F. Rosa, eds. Language: Readings in Language and Culture, 6th Edition. New York, NY: St. Martins Press, 1998. Eschholz, Paul, Alfred Rosa, and Virginia Clark, eds. Language Awareness: Readings for College Writers, 10th Edition. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language, 8th Edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007.
Mey, Jacob. Pragmatics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.
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