Ilsatc 1

ENTERPRISE SUITE
TCI Training
Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)
Introductory Session
Introductory Session
Health & Safety

Fire alarm / Fire exits
First aid point
Smoking areas
Toilets
Kitchen areas
ILSA Frequency Planner - Course Objectives
At the end of the course, the delegates will be able to:
Comprehend the Basic steps involved in setting up a frequency plan with ILSA Explain the methodology employed in the automatic frequency planning process State the ways of improving an existing frequency plan List the steps involved in planning with a few new cells Group Planning Successfully undertake Planning with Frequency Hopping Plan with Multiple reuse patterns
ILSA Course - Training Strategies and Learning Styles

Lecture
utilising PowerPoint Slides and magnetic board
Demonstration
Trainer demonstration of software tool
Discussion
delegates are encouraged to be actively involved in talking about issues arising from using the tool
Question & Answer

used to promote thinking and understanding
ILSA Course - Training Strategies and Learning Styles

Practical Simulations
Exercises designed to simulate real world situations
Individual Learning
delegates work alone with tool and User Training Notes
Team Teaching / One-to-One Coaching Self assessment techniques

Section summaries used for self assessment
ILSA Course Content

Divided into eight sessions: 1 Introduction to ILSA 2 Using ILSA 3 Basic Frequency Planning I 4 Making Improvements to an ILSA Plan 5 Basic Frequency Planning II 6 Planning with Groups
7 Planning a Frequency Hopping Network

8 Planning with Multiple Reuse Patterns
Session One
Introduction to ILSA
What is ILSA ?
Intelligent Local Search Algorithm
ASSETs own unique frequency

planning tool
An extremely advanced heuristic search algorithm,

utilising the latest techniques in combinatorial mathematics
ILSA Concepts
Heuristic Search
is the study of computer algorithms designed for PROBLEM SOLVING, based on trial-and-error exploration of possible solutions
Algorithm
a recipe, method, or technique for doing something
made up of a finite set of rules or operations that are unambiguous and simple to follow
ILSA Concepts

Works by evaluating the cost of a particular frequency plan Tries to minimise the cost of the whole plan by changing the frequency allocation Initially concentrating on high cost areas Performs random changes when making slow progress or has reached a dead end
will make rapid improvements to the plan first, but will try something radical to move forward when rate of progress is reduced
ILSA Concepts
Cost is incurred in one of two ways: 1 the cost for each frequency allocation is equal to the level of traffic affected by the interference (units milli-Erlangs)
constraints are placed on the plan, which if broken a cost will be allocated to the plan
Typically this cost will be in the order of 100,000 milli-Erlangs for a particular important constraint
ILSA - Process and Data Flow

The secrets of generating a good frequency plan with
ILSA can be summarised as:
Understanding how to perform the procedural steps involved
Understanding what inputs are required and whether they are mandatory or optional
Understanding what outputs you can expect and how to interpret them
Data Inputs to ILSA

Frequency Plan
ILSA
Cost Matrix Wizard
Site Database
Interference Table Wizard
Array Creation
Traffic Raster Wizard
Coverage Predictor
Terminal Types
RF Parameters
Propagation Model
Explaining the inputs

Inputs divided into 3 main groups:
Constraints
main way in which a user can guide ILSA to a good solution through the Cost Matrix
Frequency Information
stored in the ENTERPRISE database, little user input provided database is up to date. Contains details of existing frequencies, new carrier requirements and other carrier related parameter settings
Interference Costs
in the form of an interference table. Contains predictions of how much interference one cell would cause to every other cell (if both cells have a co or adjacent channel frequency allocation). Table lists surface area (km) and traffic (milli-Erlangs) as totals and percentages that are affected by interference
Limitations of ILSA
Always make a frequency allocation Always try to improve within the constraints set

Unrealistic constraints Unrealistic frequency plan If frequency allocation is unworkable

consider relaxing the constraints increase number of cells in the network increase number of frequencies involved
Session Two
Using ILSA
The basic steps

Start
No
Analyse Existing Plan
Worst Interferer Statistics Average Connection Statistics Frequency Plan Report
Create Prerequisites
Set-up ILSA/Cost Matrix
Run ILSA
Analyse Results
Acceptable Improvement?
Carriers Required Interference Table Neighbours and Exceptions
ILSA Setup Cost Matrix Setup
Worst Interferer Statistics Average Connection Statistics Frequency Plan Report
Yes
Finish
Running ILSA
Analysis of the Frequency Plan

Analysis of the Frequency Plan can be achieved in a
number of ways:
Frequency Plan Reporter

generates a report detailing all of the separation constraints broken over the filter of sites analysed (Note: if an interference table is in memory then the levels of interference caused by each allocation are also detailed)
Worst Connection Array

gives the total level of interference on the worst connection within the pixel - detailing the connection and the C/I level in dB
Analysis of the Frequency Plan
Average Connection Array

averages the total level of interference across all serving connections at the pixel - detailing the C/I level in dB
Worst Interferer Array

gives the individual worst interferer at the pixel - detailing the C/I level in dB, the interfering cell and the carrier
Total Interference Array

gives the ratio of the total signal strength within the pixel to the total interfering strength in dB
Session Three
Basic Frequency Planning I
Exercise 1 - creating a new frequency plan
New frequency plan for a

network of 14 sites
14 sites flagged as operational 1 site flagged as planned
Filters set-up for planned and

operational sites
Create a new plan for

Operational sites
Set-up ILSA / Cost Matrix

Select the BCCH Layer and
increase weight value to 2
ILSA will double any costs incurred on the BCCH layer BCCH allocation with less interference than the TCH allocation
Select the TCH Layer and

check the default weight of 1 is set

Separation Costs
Represents the cost of breaking different separation constraints Cost is a measure of how bad the effect of breaking a constraint is Default values are supplied by AIRCOM from real world experience Separation constraints are set in the next wizard window
Allows the user to set the level of separation for ILSA to aim towards
a separation of 0 corresponds to a co-channel allocation a separation of 1 an adjacent channel allocation etc. possible to set a preference to be one greater than the minimum associated cost for preference cost matrix can be saved to file
manually edit carrier or separation costs on individual site basis

higher costs awarded to BCCH
View the Planning Process

Commence planning by
pressing the start button
ILSA begins to initialise by making first-pass frequency allocations to sub-cells ILSA then passes into Reducing Network Interference phase trying to meet the rules set in the cost matrix attempts to reduce the average level of interference per carrier
View the Planning Process

During run time a graph can be
displayed showing the progress of the algorithm:
Cost of the current best plan (reducing cost - red)
Worst interference
If the show interference option

is enabled the following is shown:
Average interference
Total cost
average interference (green) worst interference (blue)

Number of iterations
Analysing the Results

Cease planning using the Stop
button
Possible to view the allocations

made (select view assignments dialog box)
Carrier Statistics - number of allocations per frequency and the minimum re-use distance Cell Statistics - interference on each allocation made If plan acceptable Apply the plan to the database
Session Four & Five

Making Improvements to an ILSA Plan Basic Frequency Planning II
Identify undesirable reuses

Normally a manual process
based on feedback from optimisation team
Our Network theoretical
Choose cells with co-channel allocations (assume undesirable) Identify which cells have been allocated that carrier Place a co-channel exception between these cells
Add appropriate exceptions

Add exception to identified cells

Use site database
Select the relevant Cells exceptions tab

Add exception cell name Enter a separation value
a value of 2 will avoid cochannel and adjacent channel allocations a value of 1 will avoid cochannel only
Rerun ILSA
Providing ILSA has not been
closed repeat set-up process before rerunning ILSA
Set-up the following ILSA tabs

Plan list Display Plan Type Intf. Table Configuration
Cost Matrix
View results
Basic Frequency Planning III

Adding a new site to an existing plan
Defining the scope of the plan

Planned site (Site 14) to be
included in the existing plan
Create prerequisites for Site14

prior to planning, such as: Carrier requirements (1 BCCH & 3 TCH carriers) Coverage array using the All sites filter Create a Traffic Raster Define Neighbour relations Create Interference Table
ILSA set-up similar to Exercise

1 but now using two filters
Create the Cost Matrix

Select both the Planned &
Operational filters
Add both to the Selected items

box
For both the Operational and

Planned filters
increase BCCH carrier weighting to 2 leave the TCH weighting at 1
Assign relevant costs of

preference to both carrier layers
Setting up ILSA
Under the Plan List tab
Planned filters (BCCH & TCH) should be set to Plan Operational filters (BCCH & TCH) set to Read Only
This will ensure the new site has frequencies allocated that should work well with the existing frequencies on the operational sites
Under the Plan Type tab
set to Load plan from database
Run ILSA
Analyse the results

ILSA will run until the cost of the
plan has reached zero
or when the user clicks stop
View or Apply for further

analysis
Only the new site (Site 14) has

any frequencies allocated
Analyse the results
View the carrier assignment for

the new site (14) in the Site Database
A1 A3 A2 B3 A1 A3 A2 B1 B2
C1 C3 C2
Session Six
Planning with Groups
Frequency Group Planning

Operators generally have a very
limited number of carrier frequencies, several of which may be needed in each cell
A1
3/9 Pattern
Important parameter is the re-use

distance, which depends on the reuse pattern
A3
A2
B1
C1
B3
B2
Common frequency re-use pattern is

3/9, in which a cluster is formed of 3 sites, each sectored into 3 cells, giving 9 cells in total
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
Preparing to use Group Planning

Before commencing Group
Planning define Frequency Reuse Patterns to the carrier layers
Options Carrier Layers Groups

Use Group Planning activate 3x9 pattern Select Auto Assign carriers
Apply & Commit
Setting up ILSA
Ensure Filter/Cell Layer/Carrier
Layer combinations are set to plan
Set the Plan type to Create

new Plan
Ensure the Use Group
Planning check box is ticked
Analyse the results
Session Seven
Planning a Frequency Hopping Network
Frequency Hopping (Description)

Technique which allows the call quality to be improved and the
network capacity to be increased at the same time
The radio frequency of the call is changed at regular intervals (every

4.6 milliseconds)
The Base Station and Mobile will systematically hop from one
frequency to the next (according to a sequential, cyclic or even erratic order)
Note. The bandwidth required for frequency hopping is much wider

than that required to transmit the same information using only one carrier frequency
Frequency Hopping (Benefits)

Makes the call less vulnerable to interference
by hopping a call over at least four frequencies, one of which is subject to interference, gives good general results in terms of conversation (audio) quality
The user observes no audible deterioration
if a quarter of the call is affected by interference the coding/decoding algorithm for the conversation will be able to effectively compensate for it
Dropped call rate is also reduced dramatically using this technique
Frequency Hopping
There are two ways to implement Frequency Hopping: -
Baseband Frequency Hopping Synthesised Frequency Hopping
Baseband Frequency Hopping

Number of carriers equal the
number of transceivers in the system
Every transceiver has a fixed

frequency and the signal jumps between different transceivers
TRX Baseband Data Signal Antenna TRX TRX
Combiner
Switch controller
Switch between several TRXs in hopping sequence
Preparing to plan a baseband hopping network
In the Site Database, under the

Hopping tab
Activate the Enable frequency hopping check box Select the Baseband hopping type radio button
Preparing to plan a baseband hopping network
Under the Carriers tab
Activate the Hopping check box Set the carrier requirements for the sub-cell
If a group of sites are to be

planned use the global edit facility
Synthesised Frequency Hopping

Signal is transmitted by one
transceiver all the time
transceiver is not allocated with

a fixed frequency, but jumps between several different frequencies
Number of carriers can be

larger or equal to the number of transceivers
Baseband Data Signal
Antenna TRX
One TRX which is re-tunable to a set of frequencies
Tuning controller
Preparing to plan a synthesised hopping network
In the Site Database, under the

Hopping tab
Activate the Enable Frequency Hopping check box Select the synthesiser hopping type radio button
Under the Carriers tab
Activate the Hopping check box Set the number of carriers required for hopping
Also set in the carrier layer configuration window
If a group of sites are to be

planned use the global edit facility
Analysing the Traffic Raster

results will allow you to calculate the number of TRUs required to provide a specified GoS
because of the carrier/TRX relationship in synthesised hopping the software needs to be configured differently
one TRX can have x frequencies/carriers 2 Carriers reqd = 0.5
3 Carriers reqd = 0.33

4 Carriers reqd = 0.25 etc.
The Total TRX allocation

(multiplier option) can also be set within the Global Edit facility
Process of implementing Frequency Hopping

A number of MALs (Mobile Allocation Lists) are to be constructed
Each MAL contains a number of available frequencies

In synthesised hopping a MAL is distributed to every transceiver
(which will operate on the frequencies specified in the list)
For transceivers which are not allowed to switch frequencies (i.e.

contain BCCH) the MAL only contains a single frequency
Mobile Allocation List (MAL)

HG3
GSM Channel Allocation
Site 2
HG2 HG1
Site 1
HG1 HG2
Site 4
BCCH 1 - 15 HG1 HG2 HG3 16 19 22 25 28 31 17 20 23 26 29 32 18 21 24 27 30 33
HG3
HG2 HG3
Site 3
HG1
HG3
HG1
HG2
Process of implementing Frequency Hopping
To determine the actual hopping sequence a parameter HSN (Hopping Sequence Number), which usually can take 64 different values (0 - 63), is created HSN 0 indicates that the sequence will be cyclic (1,2,3..etc.) HSNs 1 - 63 are pseudo-random sequences
How to assign the HSN to a cell layer

A HSN planner is provided
within ASSET/ILSA
Automatically assign a hopping

sequence number to those cells, in the selected filter, with frequency hopping enabled
The HSN is applied to each

cell
Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO)

Another parameter in a hopping system Takes as many values as the number of frequencies, which allowed to jump over Distribution of hopping sequences known as MAIO management Used where 2 TRXs have the same HSN in the same cell
Common practice to have the same HSN in sector cell but different MAIOs
Example of a MAIO of TWO
Cell 1A HG1 Cell Configuration = 1 BCCH 2 TCH HG1 16 19 22 25 28 31
Analyse the results

View the carrier assignments
within ILSA
the cost for all TCH carriers will be much higher than for BCCH carriers This is because ILSA considers the allocated frequency at that given instance of time
In practice the frequency will change on the next hop therefore reducing any interference noticeable to the user
Analyse the results
Worst Connection Array/Statistics
gives the total level of interference on the worst connection within the pixel averages the total level of interference across all serving connections at the pixel gives the individual worst interferer at the pixel gives the ratio of the total signal strength within the pixel to the total interfering strength in dB
Average Connection Array/Stats
Worst Interferer Array/Stats
Total Interference Array/Stats
Analyse the results
Frequency Plan Reporter
detailing all the separation constraints broken

levels of interference caused by each allocation
Session Eight
Planning with Multiple Reuse Patterns (MRPs)
Basic Principle of MRPs

A technique to vary the reuse pattern for different channels and different levels of quality of service (QoS) Combines conservative control channel reuse with aggressive traffic channel reuse to achieve a tighter average reuse
Frequency Hopping, Power Control and DTX are necessary
Frequencies can be reserved for microcells & picocells

SMU EETS 8306 Wireless, Cellular, & Personnel Telecommunications, A. Triggs, 2001, www
Basic Principle of MRPs
Best used with lots of spectrum

Performance results with 15 MHz (75 GSM carriers) are better than for 5 MHz (25 GSM carriers) because there are more frequencies to hop across
In ASSET, carrier layers are used to represent these subsets
Planning with MRPs
The subset with the greatest number of carriers is used exclusively to plan the BCCH channels The subset with the second greatest number of of carriers is used exclusively to plan the first TCH (TCH1) channel on cells The third greatest subset is used exclusively to plan the second TCH (TCH2) channel on cells
The next subset is used exclusively to plan the third TCH (TCH3) channel on cells..and so on
MRP Planning the BCCH Layer

12 available carriers (GSM
Carriers 1-12) available for the BCCH Layer
D1
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
D3 D2 A1 A3 D3 D1 A1 A3 A2 B3 D2 C3 B1 B2 A2 B3 C1 C2 C3 B1 B2 A3 C1 C2 D1 A1 A2 B3 D3 D2 C3 B1 B2 C1 C2
Maximum allocatable carriers

per cell for the BCCH is 1
The 12 BCCH carriers are then

spread throughout the network using a 4/12 Reuse pattern
MRP Planning the TCH1 Layer

9 carriers (GSM Carriers 13-21)
available for the TCH1 Layer
A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
C1 C3 A1 C2 B3 A2 C1 B1 B2

per cell for the TCH1 is 1
The 9 TCH1 carriers are then

C3
C1 C2 A1 A3
A3
B1 B3 B2
C3
A1 A3
C2
B1 B3 B2
A2
A2
MRP Planning the TCH2 Layer

3 carriers (GSM Carriers 22-24)
available for the TCH 2 Layer
A1 A2 A3 22 23 24

per cell for the TCH2 is 1
A3
A1 A2 A1 A3 A2 A3 A1 A2
The 3 TCH2 carriers are then

Example of MRP
MRP example with 5 MHz of Spectrum

24 GSM RF Carriers (excluding one for guard band) 12/7/5 reuse (therefore an average cluster size of 8)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 171819 2021 2223 24

BCCH Frequencies
TCH Group 1
TCH Group 2
Planning with MRPs

Progressively using fewer carriers on each carrier layer Progressively tighter frequency reuse Therefore progressively worse interference on each
carrier layer
Increase in interference is offset by: not every cell will employ all carriers, thus increasing the reuse distance MRP is often used in conjunction with frequency hopping, discontinuous transmission and downlink power control. This has the effect of reducing the impact of interference on calls and allow close reuse distances to work more reliably.
Carrier Layers
Split into four subsets (carrier
layers)

BCCH TCH1 TCH2
TCH3
To plan MRP in ASSET you

must first create the carrier layers in the Carrier Layer Configuration window
Cell Layers
Once the carrier layers have
been defined, assign them to the cell layer
Done in the Cell Layer

Configuration window
Ensure the carrier layers are in

the same priority order as shown
Use the up and down arrows to

change priority status
Allocate Carrier Layers to cells

Once the carrier layers have
been allocated to the cell layer, they must be allocated to each cell in the site database
This can be done manually or

by using the global editor
Commit all changes to the Site

Database
Set-up Cost Matrix
Edit the weight factor for carrier layer as follows

BCCH TCH1 TCH2 TCH3
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Weighting is a cost multiplication factor which has an effect of prioritising the carrier layers ILSA will try to avoid allocating interference to carrier layers with a higher weighting factor
Analyse the Results

In this example the cleanest
carrier layer is TCH3
This indicates that the TCH3

carrier layer could afford to loose a carrier which could then be used to improve one of the other carrier layers which has a higher cost associated to it

Ilsatc 1

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Ilsatc 1

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

ENTERPRISE SUITE

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Health & Safety

First aid point

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

ILSA Frequency Planner - Course Objectives

At the end of the course, the delegates will be able to:

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

ILSA Course - Training Strategies and Learning Styles

Question & Answer

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

ILSA Course - Training Strategies and Learning Styles

Team Teaching / One-to-One Coaching Self assessment techniques

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

ILSA Course Content

7 Planning a Frequency Hopping Network

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Intelligent Local Search Algorithm

ASSETs own unique frequency

An extremely advanced heuristic search algorithm,

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

a recipe, method, or technique for doing something

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

ILSA - Process and Data Flow

Understanding how to perform the procedural steps involved

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Data Inputs to ILSA

Cost Matrix Wizard

Interference Table Wizard

Traffic Raster Wizard

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Explaining the inputs

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

The basic steps

Set-up ILSA/Cost Matrix

Carriers Required Interference Table Neighbours and Exceptions

ILSA Setup Cost Matrix Setup

Worst Interferer Statistics Average Connection Statistics Frequency Plan Report

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Analysis of the Frequency Plan

Frequency Plan Reporter

Worst Connection Array

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Analysis of the Frequency Plan

Average Connection Array

Worst Interferer Array

Total Interference Array

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)

Exercise 1 - creating a new frequency plan

New frequency plan for a

14 sites flagged as operational 1 site flagged as planned

Filters set-up for planned and

Create a new plan for

Copyright 2001 AIRCOM International Ltd..(Trainer - Sean Hughes)