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Definition,Nature, importance
Factors influencing perception Perceptual process
Perceptual organization
Perceptual errors Ref : OB, S.P.Robbins
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Seeing is Believing?
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What is Perception?
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
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Nature of perception:
Is a complex cognitive process Information is selected, cognitively organizes the perceived information in a specific fashion, and then interpreted.
Is a subjective process.
Characteristics of the target 1. Physical appearance 2.Verbal communication 3. Non verbal cues 4. Intentions
Perception
Characteristics of the situation 1. Context of the interaction 2. Strength of situational cues
Observation
* Taste * Hearing * Touch * Smell * Sight
Perceptual Selection
External factors Size Intensity Contrast Motion Repetition Novelty Familiarity Internal factors Personality Learning Motivation
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual grouping Continuity Proximity Closure Similarity
Interpretation
Perceptual errors Perceptual defense Stereotyping Halo effect Projection
Attributions Internal vs external causes Causes for success and failure
Response
Covert Attitudes motivations Overt Behavior Feelings
Size
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Intensity (Airtel)
Contrast
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Motion
Perceptual organization
Process by which people group environmental stimuli into recognizable pattern Forms of perceptual organization: Figure ground principle Perceptual grouping
Organizational Behavior /
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Proximity
Similarity
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some constant and repeatable characteristics to events and people and objects. the senses, the size ,color& the characteristics of the object remains constant.
Ex. Within an organization, a piece of information communicated in the form of a circular, a notice, a suggestion, a pat on the back, a smile, a raised eyebrow, will acquire a special meaning and added value when placed in the context of the work organization.
i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
Our perception and judgment of others is significantly influenced by our assumptions of the other persons internal state.
When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.
Internal causes are under that persons control External causes are not person forced to act in that way
Distinctiveness
Consensus
Consistency
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Self-Serving Bias
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Contrast Effects
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Employment Interview
Performance Expectations
Performance Evaluations
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