Frictional effect of yarn for the warp knitted fabric quality

Friction is the resistant force of a body offered to the movement of another body moving or sliding over it.
Yarn sliding over another yarn. Yarn sliding over a metallic or ceramic body.

Cohesion is a form of friction and it enables the fiber to hold on in a yarn and prevent it from untwisted.

Warping
Yarn tension

amount of friction generated by tensioning devices on the creel

If individual ends are not properly set & maintained; Non-uniform warp will produce a streaky fabric Un-thrown yarns tends to disturb filament bundle

the general principle of weft-insert warp knitting on a Raschel machine

 RACK - A warp-knitting measure consisting of 480 courses. RUNNER LENGTH - In knitting, the number of inches of yarn from a warp to make one rack of fabric. Inch Quality - a measure of quality of warp knit fabric, the number of inches of fabric per rack.

Knitting
Friction of warp ends contact with various parts of the knitting machine such as guiding bars, rods, etc. Leads to excessive built up of tension, thus cause frequent breakages Accelerate the wear of the knitting elements Frictional forces developed during the loop forming cycle Affect runners & hence tightness of knitting (knock over stroke) Changes in co-efficient of friction

Fabric
Friction between loop members will determine the following properties; Elasticity A smooth , low friction yarn will not restrain the loop mobility & enable easy expansion & recovery of the fabric High co-efficient of friction will constrain the loops to a point where a considerable force will be necessary to stretch the fabric. Run-resistance A broken end or a pin hole will not be

 Changes in the friction also cause variations in the hand feel of the fabric & tactile properties of the fabric. Movement of yarn through the guides, points, around the needles or across the threads , involves kinetic friction, co-efficient of this increases with the increment of the speed & cause frequent thread breakages.

Steps to maintain quality

Smooth finish guide surface increases the coefficient value due to large area of contact and result a large frictional drag. There for treatment is done to create microscopic hills & valleys on the guide surface , thus reduce the area of contact. Selection optimum twist level to minimize the frictional effect. A suitably chosen lubricant for the given fiber & guide surface may cut the coefficient of friction to half of its value. Support or guide the yarn at as few

References
http://www.textiletodaybd.com/magazine/printable.php?id=490 http://www.uster.com/fileadmin/customer/Knowledge/Textile_Kn ow_How/Yarn_testing/U_TJ4_Experienve_with_high_speed.pdf http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/~jmkaldor/sg08_knityarns_sm. pdf http://cottonyarnmarket.net/OASMTP/Fundamentals%20of %20Knitting.pdf