CHILD DEVELOPMENT

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Basic concept of child development Basic principles of child development

Lecturer :Teh Hang Leng

Prepared by Komati A/P Sinna Camundan Manggaiyarkarasi A/P Elanggovan

1. What is Child Development:

Child development refers to the biological and psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence then through adulthood, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.

DEVELOPMENT(qualitative)

- changes in a persons physical and behavioural traits that

emerge in orderly ways and last for a reasonable period of time.

GROWTH (quantitative)

- refers

to physical increase in the size of the body. (increase in weight, height, etc..) refers to a quantitative change (can be measured)

5 main areas of development:

* Physical (height, strength and weight) * Emotional (feelings and attitudes) * Spiritual (believes and religions) * Intellectual (thinking and understanding) * Social (interacting with others)

The main areas of growth and development:

- Physical (weight, height, muscles, systems, organs. - Emotional (extend trusting relationships to other adults and to children, show strong sense of self as an individual, recognise feelings, label their own feelings)

Social (enjoy playing along side other children, but wont interact a great deal with them, show awareness of others feelings and might try to give basic help, look to adults for comfort.) Spiritual (concerns the broad search for transcendental meaning that may be as simple as a young childs inquiries into how the world came into being)

The human life span has been divided into the stages: * Infancy * Childhood * Adolescence * Adulthood

* a) Infancy
from birth to 2 years of age the child is totally dependent on the caregiver for the fulfilment of her needs. the period of the most rapid growth and development. their skills and abilities increase.

* b) Childhood
2 to 12 years of age acquire learning skills that will associated with schooling. learns about numbers, colours, shapes and the reasons for everyday events. thinking develops rapidly and her interest in the outside world grows by leaps and bounds.

* Adolescence
from 12 to 18 years of age the beginning of this period is marked by puberty. Puberty refers to the stage around 11-14 years of age, when there is a spurt in physical growth. This results in a rapid increase in height and weight and the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics (face hair, pubic hair, sexual organs) Conflicts due to peer pressure occur and there will be needs for emotional adjustment.

* d) Adulthood
18 years and above the ability to support oneself economically (getting married, settle down, raise family) adulthood typically involves either working or preparing for ones livelihood. physical changes are complete and the person is mature.

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