PMRTS

(Public Mobile Radio Trunking Services)

INTRODUCTION
VHF wireless system Is a radio to radio communication, where repeaters were used to increase the coverage area. PMRTS Public Mobile Radio Trunking System In this a pool of frequencies are dynamically reused by many customers. It is similar to a wireless EPBX.

Analog PMRTS
Analog PMRTS Vs. VHF system In VHF five frequencies are used by five customers, whereas in Analog PMRTS five frequencies can be used y more than 40 customers at a time. In VHF the distance covered is limited, whereas in Analog PMRTS one full city can be covered (Power radiated is 100W).
In VHF individual customers have to pay for the use of frequencies, whereas in PMRTS the Service Provider pays and collects revenue from the individual customers.

What is PMRTS ?
Public Mobile Radio Trunking Service (PMRTS) is

an instant, two-way mobile (radio) communication

service that allows a group of people to

communicate with each other, even if some or all

of them are on the move.
When radio channels are trunked, it means that your radios automatically get a free 'path', at the press of a button, to communicate with each other. (i.e. PTT)

Need for PMRTS

Conventional system is the foundation of two way radios. As the numbers of users grow, frequency congestion occurs since there are only a finite number of frequencies.

The Trunking system was then developed to more efficiently meet the communication needs of a large amount of users by sharing a small number of frequencies.
PMRTS is basically sharing of radio channels amongst a number of different user groups on the same system without interfering with each other's conversations.

History of PMRTS
( Analog and Digital Trunking Services) Citywide Analog Trunking licenses were issued in 1995. Analog Trunking services were started in India in 1996.

Poor hand set design, regulatory roadblocks, cost of hand sets and
technology constraints contributed to slow growth rate of this industry. Several traditional users of Trunking services migrated to other wireless technologies due to above limitations. Several Trunking operators disappeared. Serious players remained. Consolidation of Trunking industry completed by 2000 with two major players remaining in the market. Despite several constraints, segments including IT, BPOs, Call centers, Taxi fleets etc., realized importance of Trunking concept and subscribed to this service. Over a period of time analog PMRTS got consolidated and two serious players left out. In 2001, the guidelines for Digital PMRTS got released.

Technology & Worldwide Vendors

Analog
Vendors: Motorola & Kenwood Smartnet (Motorola Proprietary), LTR (Open standard)

Digital
Vendors: Motorola, ZTE Three different technologies namely- iDEN, TETRA & Gota. iDEN Motorola; Gota ZTE; Tetra Motorola. iDEN and TETRA are based on TDMA and Gota is based on CDMA.

Comparison of GSM and PMRTS

Sl. No 1 Cellular (GSM) Digital PMRTS

Technology is open standard. Not Proprietary. Completely the vendor specific. Easily adoptable depends on the vendor. Since it is open standard, there is no Since it is proprietary standard, handset locking / vendor specific handsets are vendor specific. handset. Evolution of new generations & handshaking with new technologies are highly possible. Can work in 900MHz & 1800MHz bands New generations & handshaking with multiple technologies depends on vendor interest. Can work in 400Mhz, 800MHz and 900 MHz bands.
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Comparison of GSM and PMRTS

5 6 7 Prepaid & other IN services Prepaid & other IN services are possible are not possible National & International roaming allowed. Can have own numbering scheme Can have PoI with all operators. Inter-circle connectivity is allowed. Roaming not allowed. Dont have own numbering scheme. Depends on PSTN. Can have PoI through PRI from one of the PSTN. No inter operator POI Connectivity limited to the same circle.

Frequency Bands for PMRTS

Frequency Band of PMRTS In India: Analog: 814-819(up-link), 859-864(Down-link) Digital: 811-814 (Up-link),856-859(Down-link) Frequency Band for PMRTS Worldwide: Analog: 806-825(Up-link),851-870(Down-link) Digital: 806-825 (Up-link),851-870(Down-link) 896-902 (Up link),935-941(Down-link) 300/400 MHz & 800 MHz band: 405- 470 MHz and 336-360 MHz in 400 MHz band Band Width required for (Analog and Digital PMRTS). Channel Separation - 25 KHz in 800 MHz Band and 12.5 KHz in 300/400 MHz Band

Spectral efficiency of PMRTS.

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Equipment Diagram of a Digital PMRTS

RF link
Fiber Optic

Mobile Handheld

Controller Base Unit

Repeater Base unit

EBTS Cell site (Enhanced Base Site)

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NETWORK LAYOUT DIAGRAM

Hand held, (HH)

BTS 1

BILLING SYSTEM

Ethernet cable

BTS 2

Optic Fiber Link

BACKHAUL Connectivity Ethernet cable

D A C S

MSO

Ethernet cable

BTS 3 Digital access cross connect switch, for multiplexing BTS 48

Other Servers, required to run the system e.g. AAA, GPS .

Overall Infrastructure

EBTS
RF Distribution Base Radio Integrated Site Controller

Airtel Frame Relay Over E1 Controller Dispatch Application Processor Other MSO Elements Ethernet

MSO

Power Supply

E1

PSTN / PBX

Required DID
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Description of Network Elements

MSO : EBTS Connectivity through DACS, Call routing ,Call delivery, Announcements, Registration and Authentication etc Major Components: 1. 2. 3. MSO (Controller, HLR, DAP, MDG etc) (MSO Mobile Switching Office, HLR - Home Location Register, DAP Dispatch Application Processor, MDG Mobile Data Gateway) DACS (DACS Digital Access Cross Connect Switch, used to multiplex the time slots from the BTS) ransmission Rack (Used to connect the remote BTS / Cell Sites to the MSO via DACS)

EBTS : (Enhanced Base Station/Cell Site ) Responsible for call maturity, coverage & an RF Interface to the Handheld. Major Components : 1. Controller Rack (used to control the signals, signals handhelds)
2. RF Rack (Used for transmission and reception of RF signals)

3. 4.

ISC 3 (Integrated Site Controller, used for fault monitoring in the BTS sites) Base Radio (used for increasing the RF power received and increasing the output )

MIBAS (Billing Server) Provisioning & Billing related activities is done by MIBAS (Motorola Integrated Billing Access System) VAS (Value Added Service) All data related applications (e-mail, on-line Games, Navigation etc).

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Limitations of Analog PMRTS

Large size of handsets Limited choice of models that too bulky Minimum Loading/Channel is 90 Mobiles.

High cost of handsets

Inability to address vast potential Capacity constraints Heavy Weight in comparison with GSM Handsets

Digital vs. Analog PMRTS

Slim and low cost handsets. Increase in the coverage area. High quality of voice and complete privacy of voice digital technology. Minimum Loading/Channel is much higher than Analog. Support GPS Secrecy maintained Better spectral efficiency with

 PMRTS providers shall provide mobile radio trunking services within their service area of operation. Separate licenses shall be granted on a non-exclusive basis for each service area of operation. Licenses would be awarded for an initial period of 20 years and will be extended by additional periods of 10 years thereafter. PMRTS providers shall be eligible to obtain licenses for any number of service areas.

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Technical Advice by TEC

Technical documents submitted by Vendor / Applicant are examined by TEC and thereafter Technical Comments are sent to DoT (CS Cell) before issue of License. TEC Examines basically the following Parameters: 1. The Technology offered is of an OPEN Standard ie in accordance with ITU/ TEC/ ETSI/ International Standard. 2. The Number of Channels / Frequencies required are justified or not.

3. Handsets/ Base Stations/MSO and other switching units are pertaining to the Internationally approved Manufacturers and standards.
4. Coverage of Base Station ( Range should not be more than 30 Kms) 5. Frequency band as per latest NFAP ( 300/400/800 MHz) 6. Power Output limits of Base Station/Handheld/Vehicle Mobile sets. 7. Adjacent Channel Spacing as per the norms (Should not be more than 25 KHz)

8. Number of Fixed Stations should not be more than 10% of the Total Subscribers

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Frequency Reuse

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Deployment of Analog and Digital PMRTS in India and World

There are basically two types of Public Mobile Radio Trunking Services available in India and all over the World which are as follows :1. CMRTS ( Captive Mobile Radio Trunking Service ) Captive PMRTS are used for efficient, day to day secure working of the Private Telecom Network providing prompt actions / Services and maintaining Law & Order with full Security. Such types of Services are used only for a particular Service Areas and not for commercial uses of all the public Departments like Airports, Railways, Metros, Oil Refinaries, Police Head Quarters or Other Police Branch Offices, Coal Mining Industries BSF ( Border Security Forces ) etc. Earlier these networks are generally based on various Analog Technologies like LTR (Logic Trunked Radio), Smart Trunk Ii, EDACS, iDEN and MPT 1327 etc.But recently all most all the existing as well as New Applicants are entering this field with Digital Technologies and previous existing networks are migrating from Analog to Digital. 2. PMRTS ( Public Mobile Radio Trunking Service ) These are the Services used by Public on Commercial Basis using either Analog or Digital technologies with latest features and facilities provided for the operators and users. These Digital Networks are based on TETRA, APCO-25,iDEN and other technologies providing an unlimited number of users in the same Digital Network covering large cities service areas. Many countries like USA,Canada,Mexico,Chile,Brazil,Peru,Argentina,Cuba,Saudi Arabia,Korea,Singapore,Malaysia,Phillippines,Jorden,Israel,China, Japan, Indonesia and India have Analog or Digital PMRTS Network, but most of these Networks are individual Captive Networks being used by all most all the Airports, Metros, Police Head Quarters , Coal Mining Agencies,Crude Oil Companies/ Refinaries, Private and Public Sectors Enetrprises for their own Secure

Telecommunication Networks.
India has launched its 1st Commercial Digital PMRT services in Bangalore ( Karnataka State ) in the year 2007.

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Present requirement of DOT ( Action Items by TEC )

To successfully implement this latest design Analog or Digital PMRTS Systems in various Technologies like Tetra, Gota, iDEN, Smartnet, LTR etc , before issue of Licenses to the concerned Applicants, it is essential to considered the following points very carefully : Whether the applicant has the sufficient knowledge or know how of the proposed system / Technology. Whether any of his Engineers / Officials have been trained in the proposed System. Whether the company has an approved MOU with the foreign Collaborator who will be supplying the Equipment along with the proper training to the concerned staff. Whether the Proposed Technology / Equipment / System is going to be used by the DOT/ Police Network/Airport/Metro/ or any other Govt./Public Sector is based on Open Technology ie as per the World Telcom. Standards viz. ETSI,Motorola, APCO-25 Whether the System proposed will have full Security System / Reliable in terms of Secracy / Guarantee of Maintenance / Availability of Spares Handsets/ Redundancy of the Equipment. Providing full assistance and co-operation during installation/validation /trial of the system / equipments well before the targeted period.

Examples

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Different Digital PMRTS Technologies present

Three popular Digital Trunking Technologies are iDEN, Tetra and Gota.
1.iDEN: iDEN ( Integrated Digital Enhanced Network Technology) is Motorolas

Propriety Technology and is presently working in 22 countries and is suitable for commercial applications .
iDEN is robust, spectral efficient and has been in existence for over 15 years and

Its handsets are less expensive than the Tetra handsets. 2. TETRA: TETRA is an European Open Standard , predominantly used a Captive Network. First
network had already been launched and commercialized at Bangalore for which the TSTP had also been prepared and approved by TEC. Tetra is being used for Captive use, mainly for Public safety applications and disaster management operations. Tetra has several captive network installations all over the world. And even in India tetra technologies are being used in almost all the networks of Airports, metros & Police head quarters .

3. GOTA: GOTA it is a Chinese Propriety Technology. At present it is not used anywhere in

India.There is no successful commercial operation of Gota installation so far in India.

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Trends in PMRTS industry

Majority of countries are migrating to Digital PMRTS.

5 countries in Asia, viz., Thailand,Malaysia,Indonesia,Vietnam and Bangladesh region are migrating to Digital PMRTS this year.
Push-to-talk (PTT)-Group Call market will continuously expand as business industry grows. Customers understand that their Push-to-talk Group call requirements are best met by iDEN / Tetra / GOTA technologies and not by GSM or CDMA which at best offer CUG feature. More Group calls can be effectively established only with the help of additional spectrum.

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Future Scope
Market for Digital PMRTS services will continue to grow.
Technology suppliers must also think of introducing latest multiplexing technologies to bring more efficiency.

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Digital PMRTS w/o DID

In the case where the Digital Public Mobile Radio Trunking Service Provider does not have Direct inward Dialing (DID) then: The call made from a landline or Mobile Phone to the Digital PMRTS. It will first land on the EPBX of the Digital PMRTS, gets matured, and the and the calling party will be metered from the same instance and thereafter hears a voice prompt, and need to dial required internal number. The call will get through only if the following conditions are met: the handheld is in coverage area the handheld is not busy. The call will not get through because of the following conditions: the Handheld is out of coverage area the Handheld is busy. In all the above cases the calling party will be billed just after the call lands on the EPBX & giving voice prompt.

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Difference between ANALOG & DIGITAL Handset

ANALOG HANDSET

Much more like a 2 Way Radio

Output power is very high (up to 3 watts) Weight of the Handset is huge (>500 gms) Value added features not available The cost of handset is very high (approx Rs. 20,000 per piece) The growth and demand is limited, being an old technology and is generally required for Captive Networks like Airports, Hotels, Police etc.

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Difference between ANALOG & DIGITAL Handset

DIGITAL HANDSET :

Form Factor (size) is smaller Output power is very low (0.6 watts) Weight of the Handset is light (100 gms) Dual Communication PTT and ability to Interconnect (if DID is available) Supports Data applications like Email, Tele-voting etc.

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Analog PMRTS Technologies present

Analog PMRTS was rolled out in the year 1997, to offer the City wide Trunking system.

Initially five frequencies are issued for a smaller city like Jaipur and for large cities like Delhi ten frequencies are issued initially by WPC to rollout the network .These analog systems are working successfully even today but with limited features & customers.

Different Analog PMRTS technologies presently available are : 1. Smartnet II from Motorola
2. LTR(Logic Trunk Radio) from Kenwood and EF Johnson 3. MPT1327 from Marconi

Digital PMRTS Technology

Digital PMRTS is being rolled out to offer several advantages over the existing Analog Systems

It is an extension of the existing analog technology

It is a multi site system unlike a single site system in analog . Digital PMRTS offers the option of reuse of frequencies, unlike Analog system. The number of customers that can be accommodated in a digital system are much more than a analog system to the tune of 30,000.(subject to

the digital system getting minimum number of frequencies to rollout

an interference free network) It is a frequency efficient system - as the number of frequencies are reused and the number of sites are more, the end customer will have better on-street coverage with less interference.

Advantages of digital System

Following are some of the advantages of Digital PMRTS System :
1. Offers superior voice quality 2. Ability of providing a fully duplex communication when a call is made to or received from the PSTN network. 3. Data enabled applications are available . 4. SMS Services available. 5. Different range of handsets are available. 6. Handset operates at 0.6 W (max) thereby reducing the uplink 7. Group Calls & Private Calls are available. 8. There is no limit to the number of subscribers in a group. (subject to sufficient frequencies available and system capacity).

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