Zootechnical performance of 21 days old broilers supplemented with dry Piper cubeba seeds1

Srgio T. Sobrane Filho2*, Marcela S. Rubio2, Amanda L. Silva3, Diana Suckeveris3, Rodolfo M. Domingues2, Tulio L. Montagnana3, Antonio C. Laurentiz4, Rosangela S. Laurentiz5
Project funded by UNESP Firsts projects- Assistance FAPESP scholarship Masters and Scientific Initiation; Student Master Program Graduate in Animal Science and Technology UNESP Dracena/Ilha Solteira, SP - *sergio.sobranefilho@gmail.com Av Brasil Norte 429-E, 15385-000 - Ilha Solteira-SP; Graduate in Animal Sciences UNESP Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP; 4Professors of the Department of Biology and Animal Science -UNESP Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP; 5Professor of Department of Physics and Chemistry UNESP Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP

Introduction
Natural products are promising sources for the discovery of new therapeutic agents, being considered potential substitutes for growth promoter antibiotics (HONG, 2012). The Piper cubeba, known in Brazil as Pimenta de Java and in English as Cubeb pepper is a popular medicinal plant which has been being widely used in Europe since middle age, and also in other places as Saudi Arabia, India, Indonesia and Morocco. Its fruits are used as spice and also in treatments to cure abdominal aches, asthma, diarrhea, dysentery, enteritis, gonorrhea and syphilis (MAISTRO, 2011). The objective of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance of 21 days old broilers, fed with rations supplemented with dry seeds of Piper cubeba, replacing the conventional growth promoter antibiotics.

Results and Discussion

The weight gain (Table 1) had a significant difference (p<0,05) and has shown itself higher in CN (913g), while T3 (860g) and T4 (849g) were equal to the CN statistically (p<0,05), keeping the CP (873g) same statistical behavior. The T5 (807g) was different from CN (p<0,05), showing the Piper cubeba high inclusion effects to the animal performance. The ration consumption (Table 1) had a different behavior compared to the weight gain. The consumption of T3 (1124g) was statistically the same (p>0,05) to the CN(1192g) and CP(1280g). The T4 (1089g) and T5 (1057g) were different statistically (p<0,05) showing results lower than the control treatments. Analyzing the feed convertion, the CP (1502g) was equal (p>0,05) to the T5 (1457g), and different from the others. The worse performance is due to the metabolism of the Quixalud and the high Piper cubeba addition. The treatments T3 (1339g) and T4 (1398g) got statistically equal (p>0,05) to the CN (1369g). During the experiment period there was low field challenge, CN show best performance for not having the antibiotic nor piper cubeba to metabolize, fewer substances to metabolize (Maiorka ,2002). Among the treatments, the T3 showed the most similar results to the CN.
Table 1 - Statistical analysis of the variables ration consumption, weight gain and feed convetion rate of broilers supplemented with dry seeds of Piper cubeba
Piper cubeba

Tratamentos T1 CP

CR/g ave 1280a 1192ab 1124ab 1089b 1057b 2,53

GP/ ave 873ab 913a 860ab 849ab 807b 3,48

CA g/g 1502c 1369ab 1339 1398abc 1457bc 3,45

Material and methods

The experiment was executed in Ilha Solteira-SP, at UNESPs Poultry Sector. It has been used 260 Cobb broiler chicks, lodged with one day old in the experimental poultry sector, put in a completely randomized design, using 5 treatments, each one with 4 repetitions having 13 animals each. The treatments used were: T1 Positive control (CP) using the growth promoter antibiotic Quixalud 60% (0,01%); T2 negative control treatment (CN), without the growth promoter; T3 CN using 1% of dry Piper cubeba seeds; T4 CN using 2% of dry Piper cubeba seeds; T5 CN using 3% of dry Piper cubeba seeds. To obtain the performance parameters, there have been two weighing, being one on the first day of life of the chicks and the other on the 21st day. The ration consumption has been registered every day. The evaluated performance parameters were: ration consumption, weight gain and feed convetion rate. The obtained data have been submitted to statistical analysis through Tukey test at 5% of probability using the SISVAR 5.1.

T2 CN T3 1,0% T4 2,0% T5 3,0% CV%

Means followed by different letters in the same column differ by Tukey test (p <0.05)

Conclusion
In conclusion, Piper cubeba showed itself to be a good substitute to the antibiotics working as growth promoters. The best treatment was the T3, showing the best results.

Reference
HONG, J.C.; STEINER, T.; AUFY, A.; LIEN, T.F. Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers, Livestock Science, v.144, p. 253262, 2012. MAISTRO, E.L.; NATEL, A.V.M.; SOUZA, G.H.B.; PERAZZOC, F.F. Genotoxic effects of (-)cubebin in somatic cells of mice, Journal Applied Toxicology, v.31, p. 185189, 2011. MAIORKA, A. et al. Dietary vitamin and/or mineral mix during finisher period on broiler chiken Journal of Applied Poultry Research,v11, p121-126, 2002 Ferreira, Daniel Furtado . Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Cincia e Agrotecnologia (UFLA), v. 35, n.6, p. 1039-1042, 2011.

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