MACHINE DRAWING PRESENTATIONS

PLUMMER BLOCK & NON-RETURN VALVE

PRESENTED BY :
RAVINDRA SINGH KHETWAL YOGESH M. PATIL TASSAR TATAM

INTRODUCTION
Plummer block is also known as Pedestal bearing. For long shafts requiring intermediate supports, plummer block are preferred in place of ordinary bush bearings. This bearing was named after its inventor
PLUMMER.

Plummer

PLUMMER BLOCK

Part list :1. 2. 3. Cast-iron block with a sole Cast-iron cap Gun-metal brasses or steps made in two halves 4. Two mild-steel bolts 5. Hexagonal nuts 6. Lock nuts

Detailed structure of Plummer Bearing

USED IN
Turbines Ships Heavy motors Industrial machineries

PLUMMER BLOCK
A Plummer block is used for running shafts at high speed and carrying heavy load. A Plummer block consist of cast- iron base, gun metal or phosphor bronze brasses, bushes or steps made in two halves and a cast iron cap. The two halves of the brasses are held together by a cap or cover by means of mild steel bolts and nuts. Sometimes thin shims are also introduced between the cap and the base to provide adjustments for wear. When the bottom wears out one of the two shims are removed and the cap is tightened by bolts. The Plummer block must be lubricated properly.

Methods of preventing rotation of brasses in a bearing The brasses are provided with collars or flanges on either side in order to prevent its axial movements. To prevent its rotation along with the shafts the following four methods are used:1. The snugs are provided at the sides. 2. A snug is provided at the top, which fits inside the cap. The oil hole is drilled through the snug. 3. The steps are made rectangular on the outside and they are made to fit inside a corresponding hole. 4. The steps are made octagonal and they are made to fit inside a corresponding hole.

1.

2.

The above figures shows 1.Internal structure of a Plummer Blocks 2. Assembled Plummer Block

SELF ALIGNING PLUMMER BLOCK

Plummer Block Bearing Housings

A range of split bearing housing available with a variety of sealing arrangements made to accept double row self aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings. The housing are generally cast iron with two bolt holes although some sizes are available in steel. The main benefit of split plummer block housings is their easy installation; pre-assembled shafts can be mounted in them. When the housing bases are attached to the base plate it is then only necessary to place the housing caps in position and to tighten the attachment bolts to complete the installation.

Split plummer block housings available on the market are mainly intended for self-aligning ball bearings, spherical roller bearings of ISO Dimension Series 02, 03, 22, 23 and 32. They can often be fitted with various different seals. Many designs and variants of split plummer block housings are available making the use of tailored housings unnecessary and thus enabling cost effective bearing arrangements to be made.

The basis of the plummer block housing system consists of a number of housings of the same design but in different sizes. By combining these housings with the different standard seals a wide variety of housing variants, all belonging to the standard range, can be supplied to cover the majority of demands for plummer blocks for shafts having diameters of 20 to 160 mm, inclusive. The standard range also covers other variants, for example, housings with drilled and tapped holes for lubrication nipples or condition monitoring sensors. Housings are also available for bearings for larger shaft diameters

Non-return valves
Introduction :
A nonreturn valve is one which will automatically close and prevent steam from the main line from flowing back into the boiler if the pressure in the latter should fall below that in the steam line. Where two or more boilers are connected to one steam line, a nonreturn valve shall be provided in the main steam connection of each boiler, either in addition to or combined with the regular stop valve.

USED IN
Steam/gas power plants Tyre tubes Boilers Injection molding

Non-Return Valves allow airflow in only one direction .

Non-Return Valves are available in tube-to-tube style with fractional inch push-to-connect ends, and threaded end style with fractional inch push-to-connect ends and UNF or NPT threads. All feature glass-reinforced, nylon composite body with nickel-plated brass base. Working pressure is 15145 psi and working temperature is 30 160F. Valves are suitable as safety device in compressed air circuits.

Application to Injection Molding

The screw of the plasticating unit of an injection molding machine typically consists of a single stage, single flighted conveying screw with a non-return valve at the end. Mixing sections are usually not incorporated into the screw design. One reason for this is the fact that most plasticating units a relatively short; the typical length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1 in injection molding machines. This does not leave much space to incorporate a mixing element. Another reason may be the mistaken belief that mixing is not very important in the injection molding process.

A convenient method to improve the mixing capability of the plasticating unit of an IMM is to design the non-return valve such that it has mixing capability. Such a dual-purpose non-return valve allows an increase in mixing capability without affecting the melting and conveying capability of the plasticating unit. This paper will describe a nonreturn valve mixer based on the CRD mixing technology developed for single screw extruders.

Mixing is not only important in extrusion, it is equally important in injection molding. CRD mixing elements can be added to an injection screw. Most injection screws have a non-return valve at the end of the screw to prevent the molten plastic flowing back into the screw during injection. It is possible to incorporate mixing capability into the non-return valve to combine two functions within one device. Since the non-return valve is short, there is little room available to incorporate mixing capability into the non-return valve . The slide ring non-return valve is the most suitable with respect to adding mixing capability.

When the screw moves forward, the check ring is dragged to the most rearward position against the check ring seat forming a seal. In this position the valve is closed and the plastic melt is thus prevented from leaking back into the screw channel during injection. Because of the relative movement between the check ring and the stop, stops will wear over time and eventually have to be replaced.

CRD non-return valve for injection molding

Mixing capability can be designed into the slide ring valve by locating mixing pins on the inside of the slide ring as shown in figure . The pins are elongated in the axial direction to achieve an acceleration of the fluid as it is passing between two pins. The resulting elongational flow results in effective dispersive mixing. The same elongated pins are also located on the outside of the stop, resulting in a second exposure to elongational flow with further dispersive mixing action. The large number of pins located on the slide ring and stop induce a large number of splitting and reorientation events, resulting in efficient distributive mixing action.

The CRD non-return valve provides a convenient and cost efficient method to improve the mixing capability of injection molding screws. Good mixing action can be incorporated simply by exchanging the conventional non-return valve with a CRD nonreturn valve

Solid model of CRD-NRV

Fuel Non-Return Valve

How to replace the non-return valve on the fuel pump. Always take standard safety precautions when dealing with petrol. Symptoms Car may take a few turns of the engine to start. This is more noticeable when the engine is warm. No fuel pressure left in the fuel rail when the engine is off. Fix Jaguar part fits into the fuel pump. The fuel pump is located on the rear chassis.

 Disconnect battery. Jack rear left hand side. Put car on axle stands. Remove left hand wheel. You should be able to follow fuel line back to the fuel filter (just forward of the wheel arch) and then to the fuel pump which is behind wheel arch. Get new valve ready with new copper washer on smaller end. Place container to catch petrol below pump. Original valves required 17mm spanner. Fuel hose requires 19mm spanner. New valve required 19mm spanner. Relieve fuel pressure (in case the old one is not totally shot!)

There is a hex bolt or similar fitting off to the side of the fuel line where it enters the pump. You can use this to hold the pump and stop it turning in its bracket. Loosen fuel line. Holding the non return valve to prevent it rotating. Undo enough to get it loose then do it up again finger tight to stem Symbol of Nonthe fuel flow (if any). Now hold pump body return valve and loosen the non return valve. No go back and remove fuel hose. You will still have to hold valve or it will probably unscrew instead.

Don't worry if you see something fall out of the end. You can place pipe up on spring and it won't push out too much petrol. However, valve end will by now be spewing petrol all over the place. Plug end. Hopefully, because you have already loosened it you will be able to unscrew the valve by hand (it's a bit tight to get your hand in so a "dry run" may be in order) As soon as it's out, drop it and pick up the new one to stem the flow of petrol. The new one WILL stop the petrol coming out as soon as you have a couple of turns made.

 Tighten up valve, holding pump body to stop rotation. Then re-

attach fuel hose etc.

The bits that might fall out of the valve is a spring and ball which form the old non-return valve. The purpose of loosening the valve is so that you don't have to spend time trying to undo the valve with fuel leaking out.

Non-Return Valve 802 Piston Type

1. Designed to assist in sealing during low reverse pressures, using springs which are selected to give minimal accumulation and lift pressures throughout the range. Sealing is better than 0.1 barG in reverse flow. 2. Available in 6 different sizes ranging from DN 6 to 50 (1\4" to 2"). 3. Operating pressures range from 0 to 400 barG Materials of Construction Cartridges - Stainless steel Nickel Aluminum Bronze. Non Return Valve 802 Piston type Bodies - Stainless steel

802 Non-Return Valve Space Envelope

803 Screw Down Non Return Valve Space Envelope

SCREW DOWN NON-RETURN VALVE

Primarily designed to function as a nonreturn valve, but has the capacity to hold the valve closed. The 803 combines all the features of both the 801 and the 802 valves into one unit, making it ideal for situations where it is not practical to install two valves or where safety is paramount. Materials of Construction Cartridges - Stainless Steel Nickel Aluminum Bronze Screw Down Non Return Valve Bodies - Stainless Steel 70/30 Cu Ni

REFERENCES
MACHINE DRAWING (N.D.BHATT) MACHINE DRAWING (N.SIDHESWAR) www.google.com

REFERENCES
MACHINE DESIGN (KHURMI) MACHINE DRAWING (N.SIDHESWAR) www.google.com