SAP Overview

SAP?
Company ERP Software package
R/2 R/3

Why ERP
Integration Best business practices Standardization

Why not ERP?

Complexity Cost Inflexibility

SAP R/3 System Business Modules

Logistical Financial

Sales & Distribution Materials Mgmt.

Financial Accounting

Controlling

Production Planning

R/3
Client / Server ABAP/4

Fixed Assets Mgmt.

Quality Mgmt. Plant Maintenance

Project System

Workflow Industry Solutions

Human Resources

R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views

Typical Client Server Architectures

Presentation Application Database

Central System Two - tier Distributed System Two - tier Client/Server Three - tier Client/Server Multi-layer Cooperative Client/Server

R/3 System Configurations

Central System 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing tasks.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

Twotier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special

presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface. Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows installed, for example, as presentation servers.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

2-Tier Configuration

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

An alternative twotier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use these for presentation and applications (twotier client/server). This type of configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software developers.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

In a threetier configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

To webenable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction Server) are needed. The webservice and the services for the ITS can run on one server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.

Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Central Database
(Storage of all data)

Access to Dataase:
(Read / Write data)

Database
Input / Output of data to users
Processing of data using application logic

Application

Presentation

Presentation of the processed data to the user

Client/Server Overview
Server LAN/WAN
TCP / IP

Client

Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

Data Storage
Server

Application Logic
Client

Presentation

What does an R/3 Database Contain?

R/3 System

database

Client

Client

Client

Customizing Objects Repository Objects Global Settings

SAP AG
R

What is a Client?
A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System with regard to commercial law, organization, and data.

User

r Maste

user r ec user a ords uthori zation

clientde custom pendent i z i ng d ata transa cti maste on data r data
R

Client

in g z i m o Cust io n t a c i l App

SAP AG

Common Client Roles

CUST

Development & Customizing Quality Assurance

Configuring of client settings and creation of new functionality

QTST

Functionality testing and verification of configuration

PROD

Production

Productive activities and business data

Additional Client Roles

Sandbox

SAND

Sampling of customizing transactions and settings

TEST

Test

Testing of configuration settings with data

TRNG

Training

End-user customer training environment

PPRD

Pre-production

Configured environment for the load of legacy data prior to the start of productive activities

Sample SAP System Landscape

Development
Database Servers

Testing

Production

Application Servers

Presentation Servers

Object Migration
Corrections and Transport
Development QA Testing Production

Program A Table A Screen A

Program A Table A Screen A

Program A Table A Screen A

Object Migration
Development Corrections and Transport QA Testing Program Program A A Version Version 1 1 Program Program A A Version Version 2 2 Program Program A A Version Version 3 3 Originals Program Program A A Version Version 1 1 Program Program A A Version Version 2 2 Program Program A A Version Version 3 3

Geography-based Clients
America America Europe Europe Japan Japan Client Client 010 010 Client Client 020 020 Client Client 030 030

R/3 Europe R/3 America R/3 Japan

Client Copies
Configuration

Development Quality Assurance Interface Testing User Training

ERP: Integration
Integrate people, data and business processes within and between organizations. Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency and internal process optimization.

Procurement Process
Outline Agreement Purchase Requisition Vendor Scheduling Agreement

Demand

Accounts Payable

Invoice Verification

Goods Receipt & Inventory Mgmt.

Purchase Order

Production Process

Schedule/Release

Goods Issue

Shop Floor

Order Settlement

Goods Receipt

Sales Process Trading Goods

Customer Order

Picking

Packing

Accounts Receivable

Billing

Goods Issue

Sales Process Finished Goods

Availability Check Customer Order

Goods Issue

Final Payment

Partial Payment

Billing

Sales Process Finished Goods

Availability Check - Insufficient Customer Order Independent Demand

Dependent Demand

MRP Run Production Scheduling

Purchasing

Process Flow

Goods Issue to Shop Floor

Production

Goods Receipt

Accounts Receivable

Billing

Goods Issue

Logging In

Basics

Client
This is a numeric field. This number defines a whole business entity.

User
Every SAP user has a user name. Users of SAP system are client-specific, which means that having a user identification on one client will only allow access to that particular client.

Password Rules
Letters Numbers Easy to remember 3-8 Characters long No 3 Characters can be the same Do not start with a ? or an ! Do not use previous 5 passwords

Language
SAP supports multi-national character sets and languages on the same system, at the same time. Default languages are English and German.

Field Types
There are three types of Entry Fields
Required Default entry Optional entry field

Sessions
An SAP session is a window in which the user may perform a particular task. A User may have up to nine sessions open at one time.

SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher

Presentation
SAP GUI

Application
Dispatcher

Communications

Work Process

Work Process

Work Process

Buffers

Data base

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow

Presentation
Terminal Process

SAP SAP GUI GUI

1 1 Application
Dispatcher

7 7 2 2 6 6
Work Process Request Request queues queues SAP SAP Memory Memory Buffer Buffer Roll Page

3 3

4 4 Data base

5 5
Relational Relational database database system system

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

A A
Dialog Update

B B

Message
Sold to party: C100
Item Material Qty 10 6301 10 20 6412 10 30 1507 25

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty 10 6301 10 20 6412 10 30 1507 25

Order

Order

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty 10 6301 10 20 6412 10 30 1507 25

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty 10 6301 10 20 6412 10 30 1507 25

Order

Order

Background Jobs
1999
1 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25

SAP Dispatcher

Enqueue Gateway

C C

Spool
R/3 R/2 G

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process
Instance A
Dispatcher
Work Process Update

Message Server

Work Process
Enqueue

Instance B
Dispatcher

Lock table in Work Process main storage Update Work Process

Enqueue

SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Database Database Instance Instance Instance Instance Profiles Profiles (parameters) (parameters)

Message Message Server Server

SAP SAP Gateway Gateway

Dispatcher Background

Dialog

....

Update

Spool

Enqueue

SAP SAP Buffers Buffers Start Start or or Stop Stop

nce a t s In Central

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing

Instance 03
Dispatcher Background Dispatcher

Instance 02

Dialog

Enqueue

Enqueue

Dialog

...

Instance 01
Dispatcher Spool Message Gateway

Dialog

Update

Enqueue

Reporting
Three basic steps to running a report
Access the report Enter selection criteria Execute the report

System Messages
E - Error
An invalid entry has been made. The cursor moves to the field where the error has occurred.

W - Warning
A possible error has been made. The user can continue without changing.

I Information
Feedback from the system.

Customizing - Modeling the Business

Organizational Structures in each module Master Data - Customers, Materials, Rules - required entries, tolerances,

Mapping
Assignment of organizational structures to reflect the enterprise model Establishes integration among modules