A Presentation on Measurement of Dimension

Prepared by: Himanshu D. Lashkari M.E. (Elect. Eng) S.S. Engg. College, Bhavnagar

What is Measurement ???

Comparision of given unknown Quantity with one of its predetermined Values Egyptians had discovered the art of measurement It is only with the Greeks that the science of measurement begins to appear All measurements consist of three parts: magnitude, dimensions (units) and uncertainty

What is Measurement
Measuring is as old as Civilization Measuring is Interaction between Humanity and Physical World Measurement aid n the Economics by improving quality of Product

Measurement Quantities & Units

Measurements are most commonly made in the SI system
Physical quantity length time mass temperature current amount of a substance lunimous intensity force Common Metric System units meter (m), kilometer (km) second kilogram (kg), gram (g) Degrees Celsius (oC) or Kelvin (oK) Ampere (A) mole candela Newton Common English System units inch (in), foot (ft), yard second slug, pound (lbm) degrees Farenheit (oF) or Rankin (oR) Ampere (A) mole candela pound (lbf)

Dimension Measurement
In Industrial applications, Measurement and control of Dimension of a product is one of the Important quality Requirement

Dimension can be categorized into:

Thickness Length Width

Measurement of Dimensions

Thickness Measurement

Length Measurement

Width Measurement

Thickness Measurement
Contact Type Thickness Measurement Non Contact Type Thickness Measurement Measurement of Coating Thickness

Induc tive Type

Capa citive Type

Ultras onic Vibrat ion Type

Capa Radia citanc tion e Type Type

Laser Base d

Differ ential BetaTrans missi on Gaug e

XBetaRay backs fluore catter scenc e Gaug e Gaug e

Prefe rentia l absor ption Gaug e

Inductive Type Thickness Measurement

There are two types of Thickness Transducers:
Reluctance Type Thickness Gauge Magnetic Materials Eddy Current Type Thickness Gauge Magnetic and Non Magnetic, Non Conducting Coatings like Paint

Capacitive Thickness Measurement

Operating Principle is based upon Capacitance between parallel plate

Mostly used for Insulator materials

Ultrasonic Vibration method of Thickness Measurement

This method is based on the time taken by the ultrasound wave to return to the surface Lm = Ct/2 ;
Lm = Thickness of Sample, C = Celerity of Sound in Given Sample, t= Traverse Time

Methods of Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement

Pulse echo (transit time) Resonance (Pizoelectric) Method.

Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement

Pulse Echo (Transit) Resonance (Pizoelectric)

Capacitance Type Non Contact Thickness Measurement

Capacitance Varies directly in relation with Thickness of Dielectric materials between two parallel capacitor Plates Used for Insulating films

Radiation Thickness Gauge

The beta radioisotope used to measure thickness of sheets, coatings etc. X- ray thickness gauge has wide applications

Beta Radiation Gauge

Measurement of Coating Thickness

Differential Beta Transmission Gauge Beta Backscatter Gauge X- ray Fluorescence Gauge Preferential Absorption Gauge

Beta Gauges
A beta gauge consists of two basic components - a source of radiation, and a radiation detector Beta particles are fast moving electrons, emitted from certain radioactive isotopes When they strike material, some of them will pass through, while others will be stopped. The thicker the material, the greater the chance a particle will be stopped. By measuring the ratio of the number of particles that pass through the material to the number without any material, the thickness (or weight) of the material can be determined

Laser Based Length Measurement

Laser Doppler Principle is used Light beam in contact with moving object will experience a shift in its frequency

Camera based Width Measurement

Works on Stereoscope vision principle 3 Dimensional Images are prepared on this Principle

Camera based Width Measurement

Applications
Cold Strip Mills Temper Mills Rewinders Slab sorting operations Plate finishing areas Side trimmers Process lines