Sarvesh Shalini Shivam Shrey Shubham

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A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment.1 Geographic and climatic conditions in India, makes it prone to a large number of natural disasters like landslides, drought, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis etc.
1. Quarantelli E.L. (1998)

Floods & Landslides: Uttarakhand: 5500 dead, 4500 missing. Earthquake & Tsunami: Indian Ocean 2004: 283,106 deaths, severely affected 11 countries. Earthquake: Kashmir 2005: 1 lakh deaths, 3.5 mil affected Floods: Bihar 2008, Assam 2012: Over 600 died and millions were rendered homeless. Drought: 1987 Famine: Over 250 million affected. Drought: Bengal Famine(1770), 1876-77 famine and 1899 famine: Killed about 20 million people.
National Institute of Disaster Management

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Landslides: Mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope, under the influence of gravity. Causes: Weak or sensitive materials. Sheared, jointed, or fissured materials. Tectonic or volcanic uplift. Vegetation removal (by fire, drought). Freeze and thaw weathering. Water leakage from utilities. Human factors (mining, agriculture or forestry activities, deforestation, vibrations from machinery etc.)
Environmental Geology. 2008

15% of Indias area prone . 0.098 Mkm2 : North Eastern Region, comprising the Arakan Yoma 0.392 Mkm2 : Parts of the Himalayas, Nilgiri, Ranchi Plateau and Eastern & Western Ghats. 20 States of India affected by different degrees of landslide hazard. Approximately 1000 deaths annually. Huge damage to human settlements, civil structures, Power(Hydro) projects, communication routes, and agricultural and forest land.

Geological survey of India

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Kashmir earthquake of 2005 Chamoli Earthquake of 1999 Uttarkashi Earthquake of 1991, Kangra Earthquake of 1905, Assam Earthquakes of 1897 & 1950

In June 2013, a multi-day Cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides in the country's worst natural disaster.

Drainage - Draining through runoff of accumulated water to avoid saturation of soil. Stabilization of Landslides by Vegetation. Permeable walls - To arrest the movement of rocks and soil together with dewatering. Ground Anchors - Gives support to the mobile mass and arrests further movement. Restraining structures - Arrest the movement of rocks and soil in the affected area. Increases shear strength. Hardening of soil by thermic treatment. Electro-osmosis - Drainage in less permeable soils.
National Hazard Control and Assessment

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Extended period of deficient rainfall relative to the statistical multi-year average for a region. Decline in the flow of rivers and streams Drop in water levels in reservoirs and wells Specified by the degree of departure from Normal Rainfall

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Over 68% of India is vulnerable to drought. Peninsular and western Indiaprimarily arid, semi-arid and sub-humid regions. The major drought years in India were 1877, 1899,1918, 1972, 1987 and 2002. 1987 - worst drought affected 59-60% of the crop area and population of 285 million.

Geological Survey Of India

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Ground water declining at the rate of 1-2 m/year in parts of Punjab and Haryana. Estimated that 36% of Hydrogeological Blocks in the country will be on the critical list by the year 2017 (Moench, 2000). India has a forest cover of 76 million hectares, or 23% of its total geographical area much lower than the prescribed global norm of 33%.

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Economy Water Resources - Surface water resources - Ground water resources. Crop Production. Power generation.

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Rain water harvesting. Plantation of crops that are not much dependent on water in drought prone areas. Improving forest cover. Judicious use of ground water. Well Developed Irrigation systems.

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Shivam Gupta 11682

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Occurs when the Geomorphic Equilibrium in the river system is disturbed because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors or when a system crosses a geomorphic threshold. Flooding in a river due to aggradation of river bed. Flooding in a river due to heavy rainfall.

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Flash floods River floods Coastal floods Urban floods

According to their duration: Slow Onset Floods: last for relatively longer period, even months. Rapid Onset Floods: last for relatively shorter period, usually not more than two days. Flash Floods: occur within minutes or a few hours.

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In India, Floods cause damage to houses, Industries, public utilities and property.
Parameters Total damage Area affected Crop area affected Human lives lost Cattle lost Area liable to floods (million Ha.) Rs.13,400 million 8.11 million hectare 3.57 hectare 1579 nos. 95000 nos.

Geological Survey of India

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High Rainfall Severe winds over water Unusual high tides Tsunamis Snowmelt Influence of urban planning

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Primary effects

Physical damage Casualties.

Secondary effects

Water supplies Diseases Crops and food supplies. Trees

Tertiary/long-term effects

Economic

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Control the water level in dams and pumping stations Build barriers like embankments, flood wells etc. Alter the rivers channel (River Linking Project) Control land use around the river.

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Shrey Agarwal 11695

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Result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip.

www.msnucleus.org
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Damage to human structures Landslides Fires Flash Floods Deformation of Ground Surface Tsunamis Disruption of transport and communications Panic

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7.9 on the Richter scale. Indian Plate subducting beneath Eurasian Plate(Thrust Fault). Nearly 19,000 people died. The earthquake devastated Kutch. Practically all buildings and structures of Kutch were brought down. Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Surendaranagar and Patan were heavily damaged. Affected 16 million people with an estimated loss of Rs.150 billions.

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56% of the total area of India is vulnerable to seismic activity. 12% of the area comes under Zone V and 18% area in Zone IV.

ndim.gov.in
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Construction of Earthquake resistant Structures in Highly Prone Areas. Educating Public, how to react during and after an earthquake. Installation of devices to measure ground movement and built up strain to roughly predict earthquakes. Proper task forces and stock of basic necessities in times of disaster.

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Sarvesh Kumar Yadav 11657

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Series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake.

Causes:

Earthquakes Vertical Tectonic Displacement of the sea bottom. Volcanic Eruptions and Submarine Landslides. Nuclear Explosions. Fall of meteorites or asteroids

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India, due to its geographical and climatic conditions, is highly prone to many natural disasters. The nation has suffered huge losses due to natural disasters in recent times. Proper steps to prevent and/or mitigate a disaster need to be taken keeping in mind the nature of occurrence of disasters in India.

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Questions???

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