Department of Electronics & Communication

Submitted to:Mr. Ashok Kherodia (H.O.D of ECE DEPT.)

Submitted by : Lokesh Motwani

 Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and came into being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and International Airports Authority of India. AAI manages 125 airports, which include 16 International Airport, 08 Customs Airports, 89 Domestic Airports and 26 Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields.

There are two departments in an airport. ATC (Air Traffic Control) CNS (Communication Navigation Surveillance)

COMMUNICATION: Communication is transfer of information from one person to

another. But

the

information

transferred

must

be

understandable to the receiver.

NAVIGATION: Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of

monitoring and controlling the movement of a aircraft.

SURVEILLANCE: The systematic observation of airspace by electronic , visual or other means , primarily for the purpose of identifying and determining the movements of aircraft.

Navigation Equipments
LOCALIZER GLIDE PATH

DME (Distance Measurement Equipment)

DVOR ( Doppler VHF Omni Directional Range) NDB (Non Directional Beacon)

LOCALIZERS
Localizers is used to identify the center line of the runway. The antennas will be located about 1,000 feet from the stop end of the runway. The localizer operates in VHF band. The localizer radiates on a carrier frequency between 108- 122Mhz. The log periodic dipole antenna is used and quantity of antenna must be 12. The signal transmitted consists of two fan shaped patterns that overlap at the centre. The overlap area provides the on-track signal.

Localizer at Udaipur Airport

Frequency for Udaipur Localizer 109.9 MHZ

Working of Localizer(LZZ)

Glide Path
Glide path is used to determine the landing angle.
The glide path is normally adjusted to an angle of 3. The system operates in the band employs three antennas polarization. 329 335 MHz have vertical

which

At Udaipur Airport the frequency of Glide path is 333.8

MHZ

DME
Distance Measuring Equipment is most commonly used
Navigational Aids. It provides pilot with Visual information regarding his position relative to the ground based DME station. The DME operates in the UHF frequency band however

its frequency can be paired with DVOR.

Its transmitted frequency is 9621215MHz & receiver frequency is 955 1113 MHz.

Types of DME
Two types of DME are used
LPDME (Low power distance measurement equipment) & power is 100 watt.

HPDME (High power distance measurement equipment) & power is 1 kilowatt.

DOPPLER VHF OMNI DIRECTIONAL RANGE (DVOR)

VOR is used to determine the bearing angle. Provides bearing to the Aircraft with respect to magnetic north of the station FREQ RANGE: 108 TO 118 MHz Operating With 50 KHz Channel. In VOR 49 antennas are used including one main antenna and

its polarization is horizontally.

It is used with high power DME.

PRINCIPLE OF VOR
Compares phase of two 30 Hz signals known as reference and variable phase.

Phase of Reference Signal is independent of azimuth

bearing. CVOR - 30Hz Frequency Modulation DVOR - 30 Hz Amplitude Modulation Phase of Variable Signal Varies degree per degree with Magnetic North of Aircraft

DVOR

NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON(NDB)

Oldest form of radio navigation still in use. Operate in the LF/MF range (190 535 kHz- or between 100 and 10,000 meters). Still in use because of its simplicity and low cost to set up and operate + decent accuracy. Used for en-route nav. In much of the world.

NDB TOWER

NDB ANTENNA

Frequency used at M.P Airport

Name of Equipments 1) VHF 2) Localizer (LZZ) 3) Glide Path 4) DME (LP) TX RX 5) DME (HP) TX RX Frequency 122.3 M.HZ 109.9 M.HZ 333.8 M.HZ 997 M.HZ 1060 M.HZ 1193 M.HZ 1130 M.HZ

6) DVOR
7) NDB

115.9 M.HZ
384 K.HZ