Numerical 2 (Water Demand)

Q.1 Estimate the water requirement for the following communities

Dsgn.pop ulation Per capita demand (lpcd) Average water demand (m3/d) Max. daily dema (m3/d) nd Peak hourly demand (m3/d) Chx for fire demand Fire demand (m3/d) Dsn flow (water distributi on system)

22000 55000 120000

600 170 610

6 storey building with a)Ordinary constructio n b)wood constructio n (Each floor area=1000 m2. )

Q.1Estimate the water requirement for the following communities

Design Per population capita demand (lpcd)

Average water demand (m3/d)

Max. daily demand (m3/d)

Peak hourly demand (m3/d)

Chx for fire demand

Max daily+ Fire demand (m3/d) ordinary

Max daily+ Fire deman d (m3/d) wood

22000 55000 120000

600 170 610

13200 9350

19800 14025

29700 21037.5

6 storey 30172.47 building with a)Ordinary 24397.47 b)wood construction (Each floor area=1000 m2)

35358.7 29583.7

73200

109800

164700

120172.5

125358.7

Fire demand =17287.45 l/min=10372.5 m3/day(ordinary) =25931.17l/min= 15558.7 m3/day (wood)

Numerical 3 (Water demand)

3 storey wooden-frame building has each floor area a)900 m2 b)700m2 c)400m2 Determine fire flow and total daily amount of fire flow for maximum duration of fire flow .

Solution problem 3
floor area per storey(m2) 900 700 400

floors 3 3 3

fire demand daily fire total wood(litres/ demand(m3 area(m2) min) /day) 2700 17395.16 10437.1 2100 15341.09 9204.653 1200 11596.77 6958.064

Numerical 4 (Population Forecasting)

Predict the population for the years 1981, 1991, 1994, and 2001 from the following census figures of a town by different methods.
Year Population: (thousands) 60 65 63 72 79 89 97 120 Arithmatic Increment per year Geometric Increment per year -

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971

Averages

Problem: Predict the population for the years 1981, 1991, 1994, and 2001 from the following census figures of a town by different methods.
Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 Averages Population: (thousands) 60 65 63 72 79 89 97 120 Arithmatic Increment per year 0.5 -0.2 0.9 0.7 1 0.8 2.3 0.857143 geometric Increment per year 0.008004 -0.00313 0.013353 0.009278 0.011919 0.008607 0.021278 0.009902

Solution problem 1
For arithmetic growth method : Pf = PO + K(tf-to) Average increases per year =K = 0.857 Population for the years, 1981= population 1971 + K(tf-to) = 120 + 8.57 = 128.57 For geometric growth method : Pf = POe Kn; Where n=(tf-to) Average increases per year =K = 0.0099 Population for the years, 1981= Population 1971 x e Kn = 120 x e Kn =132.5 (n = 10)

year 1981 1991 2001 1994

PO
120 120 120 120

tf-to
10 20 30 23

Kar
0.857 0.857 0.857 0.857

(arithmet ic) 129 137 146 140

Pf

Kgeo
0.0099 0.0099 0.0099 0.0099

(Geometric) 132.491 146.282 161.508 150.692

Pf

Numerical 5 (Population forecasting)

A city had a population of 210000 in 1991 and 240000 in 2001.If the city is assumed to follow arithmetic rate of growth find the population of the city in 2018 Present (2009) population of city is 1350000 and it is expected to grow at a uniform rate of 3% per annum. Find its population in 2033

Numerical 6 Population Forecasting

A
Year Populatio Average Geometr n Increme ic nt /yr Increme nt /yr 30000 40000 62000 67000 Avg

B
Year Population Average Geometr Increme ic nt /yr Increme nt /yr

1970 1980 1990 2000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

8000 8990 11300 14600 18400 Avg

Estimate population for 2015 and 2048 in both of the cases

Problem 1
Year

Population estimate Problem 2

Populatio Average Geometr n Increme ic nt /yr Increme nt /yr 30000 Year Population Average Geometr Increme ic nt /yr Increme nt /yr 99 0.011667

1970

1950 1000 0.028768

8000

1980
1990 2000

40000
62000 67000 Avg

1960
1970 1980 1990

8990
11300 14600 18400 Avg

2200
500

0.043825
0.007756

231
330 380

0.022869
0.025622 0.023133

1233.333 0.026783

313.6667 0.023875

solution problem 1 solution problem 2

year 2015 2048 2015 2048

number of years 15 48 25 58

arithmetic growth 85500 126200 26241.7 36592.7

geomtric growth 100127.1 242326.3 33422.04 73484.69

Problem 2 (Sources of water)

A small community had a population of 65000 and 85000 in the year of 1995 and 2005 respectively. Assuming a geometric growth rate and an average WC of 300lit/cap/day. Calculate the design flow for the treatment plant and the transmission main from current year. Select an appropriate value for design period.

Solution Problem 2
P1995 =65000 , P2005=85000, Pf = POe Kn =85000= 65000x(e10K) K=0.0268person/yr For transmission main design period=25 yrs(design yr=2037) Treatment plant =15 yrs(design yr=2027) Pf (transmission main)= 85000x(e0.0268x(2037-2005))=200387.15 Pf (treatment plant)= 85000x(e0.0268x(2027-2005))=153277.7 Max daily WC=1.5x300=450Lit/capita/day Capacity for transmission mains= 200387.15 x450=90174.2m3/day Capacity for treatment plant = 153277.7 x450=68974.96m3/day

 The present population of a community is 160000 increasing at a geometric growth rate of 0.043 per yr. The present water requirement of the community are fully met by a number of tube wells installed in the city. The average WC is 350l/c/d using a design period of 15 yrs. Calculate the number of additional tube-wells of 3.4m3/min capacity to meet the demand of design period.

Problem 3 (Sources of wtaer)

Solution problem 3
Avg WC=350l/c/d; design period=15yrs Present population=Po=160000;K=0.043 Pf = POe Kn =160000X(e0.043x15)=304957.92 Additional poulation=304957.92-160000=144957.92 Total WC= 350x144957.92=50735272l/d=50735.2m3/day Tubewell capacity=3.4x60x24=4896m3/day With storage/ overhead reservoir(OHR) max. Daily WC=1.5x50735.2=76102.9m3/day Total no. of tube wells=76102.9/4896=15.516 No overhead reservoir(OHR) Peak hourly flow=2.25x50735.2=114154.4m3/day Total no. of tubewells wells=114154.4/4896=23.324