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CONTAINS
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Introduction Categories of Construction Equipment Excavating & Transporting Equipment Compaction Equipment Hauling Equipments Hoisting Equipments Pumping Equipment Equipment used in concrete construction Asphalt Mixing Plant Asphalt laying equipment Conclusion Reference
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INTRODUCTION
The Cost of Equipment in a project varies from 10 to 30% of the total project depending upon the extent of work. Proper planning, selection, procurement, installation, operation, maintenance plays and important role in the completion of the project. The role of construction equipments in roads, highways, large building, dams, canal etc., will play important role.
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Crawler Dozer
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Wheeled Dozer
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Power shovel/ Dipper Shovel's power shovel or front shovel or electric mining shovel is a bucket equipped machine. It is used to excavate earth of all classes except rock and load it into wagons. They are mounted on crawler tracks. It consist mounting, cab, boom, dipper stick, dipper & hoist line.
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Compaction Equipment
Compactors are machines frequently used to compact materials such as soil in order to increase its density for construction. 1. In addition, compactors are utilized in landfill tasks. 2. Common varieties are plate tampers (also known as rammers) 3. Vibratory plates, compactors (also known as tamping foot rollers) & 4. Vibratory pad foot compactors. These categories are further divided below.
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Compaction Equipment
Smooth wheeled roger These are most suitable for compacting gravels, sand and such like materials. Examples are Three wheeled or macadam rollers and tandem rollers .
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Compaction Equipment
Sheeps foot roller It consist steel cylindrical drum with projection extending radial direction outward from surface of cylinder & may be propelled or towed by tractor. It is suitable for silty & clay sand, medium and heavy clay.
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Compaction Equipment
Pneumatic tyred roller It gives kneading action as well as compression to the soil underneath. It is suitable for moderately cohesive silty soils, clayey soils, gravelly and clen sand.
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Hauling Equipments
Haulage by road is carried out by trucks, rubber tyred tractor with wagons or crawler tractor with wagons. It transport the earth, aggregate, rock, ore, coal and other materials. Road vehicles used for haulage on construction work are two types.
1. 2. On Highway Vehicle-Design to be used on Public Highways Off Highway Vehicle-Designed to be used construction sites & designed and manufactured to preclude there use on their use on public roads and they may or may not comply highway limitation.
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Hauling Equipments.
Truck They have high mobility, good speed and adoptability. The truck capacity varies from 0.4 Cum to 20 Cum & speed vary from 10kmph to30 kmph.
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Hauling Equipments.
Dump Truck These are the truck which are fitted with automatic unloading devices. The loading is normally done by loading shovels or loaders. The truck have capacity as high as 53 tones. These truck can be rear dump truck.
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Hauling Equipments.
Scrapper These are important units used also for hauling the material at moderate speed up to 30 kmph.
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Hoisting Equipments
This equipments are used for lifting the loads, holding them in suspension during transfer from one place to other and placing them at designated location. Uses:1. 2. 3. 4. Pulleys Chain hoists Winches Cranes
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Pumping Equipments
Pump is a mechanical device to increase the pressure energy on the liquid being handled and it is used construction projects. Different types of pumps are required depending upon the job requirements. Types1. Reciprocating pump 2. Centrifugal Pump 3. Sludge Pump 4. Submersible Turbine pump
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Pumping Equipments
Reciprocating pump Is also known positive displacement pump because in it liquid is pushed out of the cylinder by actual displacement of the piston or plunger. It creates vacuum pressure which rises the water.
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Pumping Equipments
Centrifugal pump Priming is done before the start of the pump to remove the air from inside. In priming water is filled in the suction pipe casing & into a portion of delivery pipe up to delivery valve and during priming delivery valve must be closed while impeller rotate & constant speed attains pump & velocity energy converted to pressure energy. Monday, September 23,
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Roller Pan mixer Is used for morter. The roller and mixing blades rotate in a pan and not only mix the material but also produce a kneading and crushing action. The drive to the rollers and mixing blade is provided by either diesel engine or electric motor.
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Concrete mixed batch is transported from the batching and mixing plant to site. Fully or partly mixed concrete is transported throgh truck mixers,when the construction site is far from batching plant. Entire mixing is carried in journey.
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Is used to carry mix from concrete mixer to site. Mixer is kept near the site from the concrete dumpers. This are used for short leads only. This Dumper may be two wheel or four wheel drive propelled by diesel engine has a low centre of gravity.
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Table Vibrator
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Cold mix
It involves mixing of cold or sun warmed aggregate, with hot or cold application of bitumen. Types-Fixed Vane type Paddle Mixer (Pug mil)
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Cold mix
Types-Fixed Vane This consist of a rotating cylindrical drum provided on the inside with a set of vanes. The vanes facilitate the movement of the aggregate inside drum, enabling the aggregate to be properly coated with bitumen. These types of mixer are operated manually, like hard drum mixers and are used for preparing mix for patch repairs.
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Cold mix
Types-Paddle Mixer
It consist of an engine driven pug mill type of mixer. Is fitted 2 shafts rotating in opposite direction on each shaft. Mixer in lined on the inside with a renewable manganese steel plate. Trap door controlled by a lever to permit discharge of mix into a wheel barrow placed below the trap door Capacity from 0.15 Cum to 0.30Cum per batch.
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Drum Mixer
Drum mixer is popular because initial capital investment is less than convention plant. Components-cold aggregate feeder with mineral filler, dryer with dust collecting system, bitumen storage, heating & delivery system, mix storage unit, operator cabin and controls. Advantage-Expenditure on spare part, men-hour for maintance, requirement of power reduce. Initial cost is less. Good quality coating at low temperature.
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Conclusion
Every civil Engineer to have update his knowledge about latest equipment and machinery for achievement of economy and time management.
Reference
Book of Construction equipment and its management by S.C.Sharma. www.constructionequipment.com www.wikipadia.org/wiki/bulldozer Book of Construction planning & equipment by Peurifoy.
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rahulagrawal05@sify.com
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