RT Phraseologies

What to say when

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INTRODUCTION

Information and instructions transmitted through Radiotelephony {RTF} are of vital importance in assisting in the safe and expeditious operation of aircraft.

The use of non-standard procedures and phraseology can cause misunderstanding. Incidents and accidents have occurred in which a contributing factor has been the misunderstanding caused by the use of poor phraseology.
Through this presentation we will refresh our communication skills used in ATC atmosphere (correct use of phraseology)

More often than not we are at a loss of words when faced with an uncommon situation in ATC. Hopefully we will be better equipped with proper phraseologies after this presentation.

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We will go through:

1

Overview

TRANSMITTING TECHNIQUE ICAO PHONETICS TRANSMISSIONS OF NUMBERS IN RADIOTELEPHONY STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES CALL SIGNS ESTABLISHMENT AND CONDITION OF COMMUNICATIONS ISSUE OF CLEARANCE AND READ-BACK REQUIREMENTS TAKE-OFF PROCEDURES FINAL APPROACH AND LANDING AFTER LANDING PROCEDURAL PHRASEOLOGY RVSM PHRASEOLOGIES RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES ALERTING PHRASEOLOGIES

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Transmitting Technique

Listen out on the frequency before transmitting to ensure that there is no conflict with a transmission. Adopt good microphone operating techniques. Speak clearly and distinctly. Maintain an even rate of speech not exceeding 100 words per minute. Speak at a slightly slower rate when you want the message to be written down by the recipient. Maintain the speaking volume at a constant level. Slightly pause before and after speaking out numbers. Avoid using hesitation sounds. Press the transmit switch fully before speaking and do not release it until the message is complete.
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ICAO Phonetics
0 ZE-RO 1 WUN 2 TOO 3 TREE Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL

4 FOW-er
5 FIFE 6 SIX 7 SEV-en 8 AIT 9 NIN-er

Hundred
Thousand

HUN-dred
TOU-SAND

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ICAO Phonetics
A B C D E F G H AL FAH BRAH VOH CHAR LEE SHAR LEE DELL TAH ECK OH FOKS TROT GOLF HO TELL K L M N O P Q R KEY LOH LEE MAH MIKE NO VEM BER OSS CAH PAH PAH KEH BECK ROW ME OH U V W X Y Z YOU NEE FORM OO NEE FORM VIK TAH WISS KEY ECKS RAY YANG KEY ZOO LOO

I
J

IN DEE AH
JEW LEE ETT

S
T

SEE AIR RAH

TANG GO
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Transmissions of Numbers in Radiotelephony

JAI242 FL 200 Jet Airways two four two flight level two zero zero

100 degrees

heading one zero zero

160 degrees 18 wind one six zero degrees one eight knots gusting knots gusting three zero knots 30 knots 4203 1000 1000 squawk four two zero three QNH one zero zero zero visibility one thousand

1700
.

RVR one thousand seven hundred

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Standard Words & Phrases

ACKNOWLEDGE Let me know that you have received and understood this message AFFIRM Yes APPROVED BREAK BREAK BREAK Permission for proposed action granted I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message. I hereby indicate the separation between messages transmitted to different aircraft in a very busy environment. Annul the previously transmitted clearance. Examine a system or procedure Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified.
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CANCEL CHECK CLEARED

Standard Words & Phrases

CONFIRM CONTACT I request verification of ... Establish communication with .

CORRECT
CORRECTION

True / Accurate
An error has been made in the transmission. The correct version is Ignore Proceed with your message What is the readability of my transmission? Continue in accordance with the condition(s) specified or in its literal sense
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DISREGARD
GO AHEAD HOW DO YOU READ MAINTAIN

Standard Words & Phrases

MONITOR NEGATIVE OVER OUT READ BACK WORDS TWICE Listen out on NO / Permission not granted / That is not correct / Not capable My transmission is ended and I expect a response from you This exchange of transmission is ended and no response is expected Repeat all, or the specified part, of this message back to me exactly as received Communication is difficult. Please send every word, or group of words twice / Since communication is difficult, every word, or group of words, in this message will be sent twice
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Standard Words & Phrases

RECLEARED A change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof Pass me following information I should like to know / I wish to obtain. Repeat all, or the following part, of your last transmission Reduce your rate of speech Wait and I will call you I can not comply with your request, instruction, or clearance I understand your message and will comply with it

REPORT REQUEST SAY AGAIN SPEAK SLOWER STANDBY UNABLE

WILCO

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Call Signs
Aeronautical stations are identified by the name of the location followed by a suffix. The suffix indicates the type of unit or service provided.
Area control center Radar [in general]
Approach Control Approach control radar Area Control Radar Aerodrome control

CONTROL RADAR
APPROACH APPROACH RADAR CONTROL RADAR TOWER

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Call Signs
Surface movement control Flight information service
Apron control / management service Company dispatch Aeronautical Station

GROUND INFORMATION
APRON DISPATCH RADIO

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Call Signs
An aircraft radiotelephony call sign shall be one of the following types Character corresponding to the VTEJP or registration marking of the CESSNA VTEJP aircraft The telephony designator of the INDAIR TEPJ aircraft operating agency, followed by the last four characters of the registration marking of the aircraft The telephony designator of the INDAIR 809 aircraft operating agency, followed by the flight identification
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Call Signs
After satisfactory communication has been established, and provided that no confusion is likely to occur, aircraft call signs may be abbreviated The first character of the VJP or registration and at least the last CESSNA VJP two characters of the call sign The telephony designator of the INDAIR PJ aircraft operating agency, followed by at least the last two characters of the call sign The telephony designator of the No abbreviated form aircraft operating agency, followed by the flight identification

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Establishment & Condition of Communications

When establishing communications, an aircraft should use the full call sign of both the aircraft and the ground station When a ground station wishes to broadcast information to all aircraft likely to receive it, the message should be prefaced by the call All Stations No reply is expected to such general calls unless individual stations are subsequently called upon to acknowledge receipt If there is doubt that a message has been correctly received, a repetition of the message shall be requested either in full or in part
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Establishment & Condition of Communications

Say again Say again [item] Say again all before . (the first word satisfactorily received) Say again all after . (the last word satisfactorily received) Say again all between . And .
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Repeat entire message Repeat specific item

Repeat part of message

Establishment & Condition of Communications

When a station is called but is uncertain of the identification of the calling station, the calling station should be requested to repeat its call sign until identification is established When an error is made in a transmission, the word CORRECTION shall be spoken, the last correct group or phase repeated and then the correct version transmitted If a correction can best be made by repeating the entire message, the operator shall use the phrase CORRECTION I SAY AGAIN before transmitting the message a second time When it is considered that reception is likely to be difficult, important elements of the message should be spoken twice

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Issue of Clearance & Read-back Requirements

Controller should pass a clearance slowly and clearly since the pilot needs to write it down and wasteful repetition will thus be avoided. Whenever possible a route clearance should be passed to an aircraft before start up. In any case controllers should avoid passing clearance to a pilot engaged in complicated maneuvers and on no occasion should a clearance be passed when pilot is engaged in line up or take-off maneuvers.
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Issue of Clearance & Read-back Requirements

An ATC route clearance is not an instruction to takeoff or enter an active runway. The words TAKE OFF are used only when an aircraft is cleared for takeoff, or when canceling a take-off clearance. At times the word DEPARTURE or AIRBORNE is used
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Issue of Clearance & Read-back Requirements

Read back requirements have been introduced in the interests of flight safety. The stringency of the read back requirement is directly related to the possible seriousness of a misunderstanding in the transmission and receipt of ATC clearances and instructions. Strict adherence to read back procedures ensures not only that the clearance has been received correctly but also that the clearance was transmitted as intended. It also serves as a check that the right aircraft, and only that aircraft, will take action on the clearance
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Issue of Clearance & Read-back Requirements

The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safetyrelated parts of the clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. Following items shall always be read-back: ATC route clearance; Clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of, cross taxi and back track on any runway; and Runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATIS broadcasts, transition levels

Air Traffic services: Aircraft reply:

(aircraft call sign) SQUAWK THREE FOUR TWO FIVE SQUAWK THREE FOUR TWO FIVE, (aircraft call sign)

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Issue of Clearance & Read-back Requirements

The controller shall listen to the readback to ascertain that the clearances has been correctly acknowledged by the flight crew and shall take immediate action to correct any discrepancies revealed by the read-back

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Take-off Procedures
At

busy aerodromes with separate GROUND & TOWER functions aircraft are usually transferred to TOWER at or approaching the holding position. Since misunderstandings in the granting and acknowledgement of take-off clearances can result in serious consequences, meticulous care should be taken to ensure that the phraseology employed during the taxi maneuvers can not be interpreted as a take-off clearance.
To

reduce the potential for misunderstanding, the takeoff clearance shall include the designator of the departure runway when more than one runway is in use.
Except

for reasons of safety no transmission shall be directed during take-off.

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Take-off Procedures
For

traffic reasons it may be necessary for the aircraft to take-off immediately after lining up.
In

poor visibility, the controller may request the pilot to report when airborne.
When

a pilot abandons the take-off maneuver, he should as soon as practicable, inform the control tower that he is doing so and assistance or taxi instructions should be requested, as required.
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Final Approach & Landing

Except

for reasons of safety no transmission shall be directed during the last part of the final approach or during the landing roll. If and when turn on to final is made at a greater distance, LONG FINAL report is made. If the aircraft is making a straight-in-approach, a LONG FINAL report is made at about 8 NM from touch down. If no landing clearance is received at that time, a FINAL report is made at 4NM from touchdown.
FINAL

report is made when an aircraft turns onto final within 4NM from touchdown. A pilot may request to fly past the control tower or other observation point for the purpose of visual inspection from the ground. 26
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After Landing

Unless absolutely necessary, controllers should not direct taxi instructions to pilots until the landing roll is completed. Unless otherwise advised pilots should remain on tower frequency until the runway is vacated.

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Vehicles
Phraseologies for the movement of vehicles, other than tow-tractors, on the maneuvering area are not listed separately as the phraseology associated with the movement of aircraft is applicable, with the exception of taxi instructions, in which case the word PROCEED shall be substituted for the word TAXI when communicating with vehicles
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Conditional phrases
Conditional phrases, such as behind landing aircraft or after departing aircraft, shall not be used for movements, affecting the active runway(s), except when the aircraft or vehicles concerned are seen by the appropriate controller and pilot. In all cases a conditional clearance shall be given in the following order and consist of:
identification;
the

condition; the clearance; and brief reiteration of the condition

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Conditional phrases
REPORT THE B747 ON SHORT FINAL IN SIGHT

AIC102, BEHIND B747 ON SHORT FINAL, LINE UP BEHIND.

This implies the need for the aircraft receiving the conditional clearance to identify the aircraft or vehicle causing the conditional clearance.
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Flight Level OR Altitude?

If

the level of an aircraft is reported in relation to standard pressure 1013.2 hPa, the words FLIGHT LEVEL should precede the level figures.
If

the level of the aircraft is reported in relation to QNH/QFE, the figure should be followed by the word FEET as appropriate.

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Phraseology
GENERAL

Description of levels

FLIGHT LEVEL (number) Or (number) FEET

CLIMB

Level changes, reports and rates

instruction that a climb (or descent) to a level within the vertical range defined is to commence

(or DESCEND); followed as necessary; TO (level) TO AND MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level) TO REACH (level) AT (or BY) (time or significant point); REPORT LEAVING (or REACHING, or PASSING) 32 (level) 9/26/2013

Phraseology
GENERAL
AT

(number) FEET PER MINUTE [OR GREATER (OR LESS)]; MAINTAIN AT LEAST (number) FEET ABOVE (or BELOW ) (aircraft call sign) REQUEST LEVEL (or FLIGHT LEVEL or ALTITUDE CHANGE FROM (name of unit) [AT (time or significant point)]. STOP CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (level);
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GENERAL

Phraseology
CONTINUE

to require action at a specific time or place

CLIMB ( OR DESCENT) TO (level) EXPEDITE CLIMB (or DESCENT)[UNTIL PASSING (level)] WHEN READY CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO (level) EXPECT CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (time or Significant point) REQUEST DESCENT AT (time) IMMEDIATELY; AFTER PASSING (significant point)

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GENERAL

Phraseology
AT

..to require action when convenient

(time or significant point) WHEN READY (instruction);

MAINTAIN

OWN AND VMC to require an aircraft to SEPARATION [FROM (level)] [TO (level)] climb or descend MAINTAIN OWN maintaining own SEPARATION AND VMC separation and VMC ABOVE (or BELOW, or TO) (level)

when there is doubt that an aircraft can comply IF UNABLE (alternative instructions) AND ADVISE; with a clearance or instruction
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Phraseology
GENERAL

when pilot is unable to comply with a clearance or instruction

UNABLE;

after modifying vertical DESCENT); speed to comply with an (acknowledgement) ACAS resolution advisory (Pilot and controller interchange)

TCAS CLIMB (or

after ACAS Clear of conflict is annunciated (Pilot and controller interchange)

RETURNING TO (assigned clearance); (acknowledgement) (or alternative instructions)

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Phraseology
GENERAL
TCAS CLIMB (or after returning to clearance after responding DESCENT), RETURNING TO (assigned clearance); to an ACAS resolution (acknowledgement) (or advisory (Pilot and alternative instructions); controller interchange)

TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT); COMPLETED, assigned clearance) RESUMED (acknowledgement) (or alternative instructions);

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Phraseology
GENERAL when unable to comply with a clearance because of an ACAS resolution advisory (Pilot and controller interchange) UNABLE, TCAS RESOLUTION ADVISORY; (acknowledgement)

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Transfer of Control and/or

An aircraft may be requested to STAND BY on a frequency when it Is intended that the ATS unit will initiate communications soon and to MONITOR a frequency when information is being broadcast thereon.

CONTACT

(unit call sign) (frequency) [NOW]; AT (or OVER) (time or place) [or WHEN PASSING/LEAVING/REACHIN G] (level) CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency); IF NO CONTACT (instructions); STAND BY (frequency) FOR (unit call sign);

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Phraseology
GENERAL

Transfer of Control and/or

REQUEST CHANGE TO (frequency); FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED; MONITOR (unit call sign) (frequency); MONITORING (frequency); WHEN READY CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency); REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY

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Phraseology
GENERAL -

Change of call sign

CHANGE YOUR

to instruct an aircraft to change its type of call sign

CALL SIGN TO (new call sign) [UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED];

REVERT TO FLIGHT to advise an aircraft to PLAN CALL SIGN (call revert to the call sign indicated in the flight plan sign) [AT(significant point)].

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Change

of call sign
TRAFFIC

(information); NO REPORTED TRAFFIC LOOKING OUT; TRAFFIC IN SIGHT; to acknowledge traffic NEGATIVE CONTACT information [reasons]; [ADDITONAL] TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant point) AT (time)

to pass traffic information

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Phraseology
GENERAL
TRAFFIC

IS (classification) UNMANNED FREE BALLOONS(S) WAS [or ESTIMATED] OVER (place) AT (time) REPORTED (level(s)) [or LEVEL UNKNOWN] MOVING (direction) (other pertinent information, if any).

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Meteorological conditions

Wind is always expressed by giving the mean direction and speed and any significant variations thereof.

[SURFACE] WIND (number) DEGREES (speed) (units); WIND AT (level) (number) DEGREES (number) KNOTS; VISIBILITY (distance) (units) [direction]; RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (distance) (units); RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) RUNWAY (number) NOT AVAILABLE (or NOT REPORTED);
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Phraseology
GENERAL - Meteorological conditions for multiple RVR RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE observations (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) Multiple RVR observations are (distance) (units), second always representative of the position) (distance) (units), touchdown zone, midpoint zone (third position) (distance) and the roll-out/stop end zone respectively. (units); RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY Where reports for three (number)] (first position) locations are given, the indication of these locations may be omitted, (distance) (units), second provided that the reports are position) NOT AVAILABLE, passed in the order of touchdown (third position) (distance) zone, followed by the mid point (units); zone and ending with the roll PRESENT WEATHER out/stop end zone report (details);

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Meteorological

conditions

CAVOK pronounced CAV-O-KAY

CLOUD (amount,[(type)] and height of base) (unit) (or SKY CLEAR) CAVOK; TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number) (and/or DEWPOINT [MINUS] (number)); QNH (number) [(units)]; QFE (number) [units)]; (aircraft type) REPORTED (description) ICING (or TURBULENCE) [IN CLOUD] (area) (time) REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS.

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Position

reporting

NEXT REPORT AT (significant point) OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNITL (specify)]; RESUME POSITION REPORTING

to omit position report until a specific position

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Additional

reports

to request a report at a specified place or distance

REPORT PASSING (significant point) REPORT (distance) FROM (name of DME station) DME;

to request a report of present position

REPORT PASSING (three digits) RADIAL (name of VOR) VOR; REPORT DISTANCE FROM (significant point); REPORT DISTANCE FROM (name of DME station) DME

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Aerodrome information

[(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) (condition); [(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) NOT CURRENT; LANDING SURFACE (condition); CAUTION CONSTRUCTION WORK (location); CAUTION (specify reasons) RIGHT (or LEFT), (or BOTH SIDES) OF RUNWAY [number];

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Aerodrome

information

CAUTION WORK IN PROGRESS (or OBSTRUCTION) (position and any necessary advice); RUNWAY REPORT AT (observation time) RUNWAY (number) (type of precipitant) UP TO (depth of deposit) MILLIMETRES. BRAKING ACTION GOOD (or MEDIUM TO GOOD, or MEDIUM, or MEDIUM TO POOR, or POOR or UNREALIABLE) [and/or BRAKING COEFFICIENT (equipment and number);
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Phraseology
GENERAL - Aerodrome

information

BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) GOOD (or MEDIUM or POOR); BRAKING ACTION [(location)] (measuring equipment used), RUNWAY (number), TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), WAS (reading ) AT (time);

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Aerodrome

information

BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) GOOD (or MEDIUM or POOR); BRAKING ACTION [(location)] (measuring equipment used), RUNWAY (number), TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), WAS (reading ) AT (time);

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Aerodrome

information

RUNWAY (or TAXIWAY) (number) WET [or DAMP, WATER PATCHES, FLOODED (depth), or SNOW REMOVED (length and width as applicable), or TREATED, or COVERED WITH PATCHES OF DRY SNOW (or WET SNOW, or COMPACTED SNOW, or SLUSH, or FROZEN SLUSH, or ICE, or ICE UNDERNEATH, or ICE AND SNOW, or SNOWDRIFTS, or FROZEN RUTS AND RIDGES];
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Phraseology
GENERAL - Aerodrome

information

TOWER OBSERVES (weather information); PILOT REPORTS (weather information)

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Phraseology
GENERAL - Operational status of visual & non-visual aids

(specify visual or non-visual aid) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency); (type) LIGHTING (unserviceability); ILS CATEGORY (category) (serviceability state); TAXIWAY LIGHTING (description of deficiency); (type of visual approach slope indicator) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency);

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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES -

Issuance of a clearance

(name of unit) CLEARS (aircraft call sign); (aircraft call sign) CLEARED TO; RECLEARED (amended clearance details) REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED]; RECLEARED (amended route portion) TO (significant point of original route) [REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];

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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES -

Issuance of a clearance

ENTER CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CONTROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)] AT (level) [AT (time)]; LEAVE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CONTROL ZONE)[VIA (significant point or route)] AT (level) (or CLIMBING, or DESCENDING); JOIN (specify) AT (significant point) AT (level) [AT (time)].

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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES - Indication

of route and clearance

limit

FROM (location) TO (location) TO (location) Followed as necessary by:

DIRECT VIA (route and/or significant points); VIA FLIGHT PLANNED ROUTE; VIA (distance DME ARC (direction) OF (name of DME station)

(route) NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) ALTERNATIVE(S) IS / ARE 58 (route) ADVISE 9/26/2013

Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES - Indication of route and clearance limit

The term MAINTAIN is not to be used in lieu of DESCEND or CLIMB when instructing an aircraft to change level.

MAINTAIN (level) [TO (significant point)]; MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL PASSING (significant point); MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (minutes) AFTER PASSING (significant point); MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (time); MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL ADVISED BY (name of unit); MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED; MAINTAIN (level) WHILE IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE; MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level)
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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES - Specification of cruising levels

CROSS (significant point) AT (or ABOVE, or BELOW) (level); CROSS (significant point) AT (time) OR LATER (or BEFORE) AT (level); CRUISE CLIMB BETWEEN (levels) (or ABOVE (levels); CROSS (number) DME [(direction)] OF (name of DME station) AT (or ABOVE, or BELOW) (level)

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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES -

Emergency descent

EMERGENCY DESCENT (intentions); ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT IN THE VICINITY OF (or AT) (significant point or location) EMERGENCY DESCENT IN PROGRESS FROM (level) (followed as necessary by specific instructions, clearance, traffic information etc.
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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES If clearance cannot be issued immediately upon request

EXPECT CLEARANCE (or type of clearance) AT (time).

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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES - Separation

instructions

CROSS (significant point) AT (time)[OR LATER (or OR BEFORE)] ADVISE IF ABLE TO CROSS (significant point) AT (time or level); MAINTAIN MACH (number) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)] [UNTIL (significant point)] DO NOT EXCEED MACH (number)
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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES - Separation

instructions

CROSS (significant point) AT (time) OR LATER (or OR BEFORE)] ADVISE IF ABLE TO CROSS (significant point) AT (time or level); MAINTAIN MACH (number) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)] [UNTIL (significant point)] DO NOT EXCEED MACH (number)

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Phraseology
AREA CONTROL SERVICES Instructions associated with flying a track (off set), parallel to the cleared route

ADVISE IF ABLE TO PROCEED PARALLEL OFF SET PROCEED OFF SET (distance) RIGHT/LEFT OF (route) (track) [CENTRAL LINE] [AT (significant point or time] UNTIL (significant point of time)] [UNTIL (significant point or time)] CANCEL OFFSET (instruction to rejoin cleared flight route or other information)
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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Departure

instructions

[AFTER DEPARUTE] TURN RIGHT (or LEFT) HEADING (three digits) (or CONTINUE RUNWAY HEADING) (or TRACK EXTENDED CENTRE LINE) TO level or signification point) other instructions as required) AFTER REACHING (or PASSING) (level or significant point) (instruction) TURN RIGHT (or LEFT) HEADING (three digits) TO (level) [TO INTERCEPT (track, route, airway etc)]
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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Departure

instructions

(standard departure name and number) DEPARTURE

TRACK (three digits) DEGREES [MAGNETIC (or TRUE)] TO (or FROM) (significant point) UNTIL (time, or REACHING (fix or significant point or level)) [BEFORE PROCEEDING ON COURSE]; CLEARED VIA (designation)
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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Departure

instructions

(standard departure name and number) DEPARTURE

TRACK (three digits) DEGREES [MAGNETIC (or TRUE)] TO (or FROM) (significant point) UNTIL (time, or REACHING (fix or significant point or level)) [BEFORE PROCEEDING ON COURSE]; CLEARED VIA (designation)
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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Approach

instructions

CLEARED (or PROCEED) VIA (designation) CLEARED TO (clearance limit) VIA (designation); CLEARED VIA (or PROCEED VIA)(details of route to be followed); CLEARED (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)]; CLEARED (type of app) RUNWAY (number) FOLLOWED BY CIRCLING TO RUNWAY (number);

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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Approach

instructions

CLEARED APPROACH RUNWAY (NUMBER)]; COMMENCE APPROACH AT (time); REQUEST STRAIGHTIN ((type of approach) APPROCH [RUNWAY (number)] ; CLEARED STRAIGHT-IN [(type of approach)] APPROCH [RUNWAY (number)]; REPORT VISUAL; REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT;

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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Approach

instructions

REQUEST VISUAL APPROCH; CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number); REPORT (significant point); [OUTBOUND, or INBOUND]; REPORT COMMENCING PROCEDURE TURN REQUEST VMC DESCENT; MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION; MAINTAIN VMC;
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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Approach

instructions

REQUEST VISUAL APPROCH; CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number); REPORT (significant point); [OUTBOUND, or INBOUND]; REPORT COMMENCING PROCEDURE TURN REQUEST VMC DESCENT; MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION; MAINTAIN VMC;

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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Approach

instructions

ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH (name) APPROACH PROCEDURE;

REQUEST (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)]; REQUEST (RNAV plain language designator); CLEARED (RNAV plain language designator
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Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Holding

clearance

HOLD VISUAL [OVER] (position), (or BETWEEN two prominent landmarks)); CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [direction] AS PUBLISHED EXPECT APPRAOCH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions if necessary); REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS;
74 9/26/2013

Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Holding visual

clearance

published holding procedure over a facility or fix

HOLD VISUAL [OVER] (position), (or BETWEEN two prominent landmarks)); CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [direction] AS PUBLISHED EXPECT APPRAOCH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions if necessary); REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS;

75 9/26/2013

Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Holding

clearance

when detailed holding clearance is required

CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [direction] INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN OUTBOUND TIME (number) MINUTE(0r MINUTES ) EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE) (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions if necessary);

76 9/26/2013

Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Holding

clearance

CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX [MAINTAIN or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [directions] INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN OUTBOUND TIME number) MINUTES (0r MINUTES) EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions if necessary)
77 9/26/2013

Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Holding

clearance

CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD BETWEEN (distance) AND (distance) DME INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE)) AT (time) (additional instructions if necessary)

78 9/26/2013

Phraseology
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICES - Expected

approach time

NO DELAY EXPECTED;

EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time);

REVISED EXPECTED APPRAOCH TIME (time); DELAY NOT DETERMINED (reasons)

79 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Identification

of aircraft

SHOW LANDING LIGHTS

80 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Acknowledgement

by visual

means

ACKNOWLEDGE BY MOVING AILERONS (or RUDDER); ACKNOWLEDGE BY ROCKING WINGS; ACKNOWLEDGE BY FLASHING LANDING LIGHTS

81 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Starting

procedures

to request permission to start engines

ATC replies

[aircraft location] REQUEST START UP; [aircraft location] REQUEST START UP, INFORMATION (ATIS identification); START UP APPROVED; START UP AT (time); EXPECT START UP AT (TIME) START UP AT OWN DISCRETION; EXPECT DEPARTURE (time) START UP AT OWN DISCRETION.

82 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Push-back procedures

aircraft/ATC

When local procedures so prescribe, authorization for pushback should be obtained from the control tower.

[aircraft location] REQUEST PUSHBACK; PUSHBACK APPROVED; STAND BY; PUSHBACK AT OWN DISCRETION; EXPECT (number) MINUTES DELAY DUE (reason);

83 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Towing

procedure

ATC response

REQUEST TOW [company name] (aircraft type) FROM (location) TO (location); TOW APPROVED VIA (specified routing to be followed); HOLD POSITION; STAND BY

84 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

To request time check and/or aerodrome data for departure

when no ATIS broadcast is available

If multiple visibility and RVR observations are available, those that represent the roll out/stop end zone should be used for take off.

REQUEST TIME CHECK; TIME (time); REQUEST DEPARTURE INFORMATION; RUNWAY (NUMBER), WIND (direction and speed), (units) QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)] TEMPERATURE (MINUS) (number), [VISIBILITY (distance) (units) (OR RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) distance) units)] [TIME (time)];

85 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi

procedures

for departure

(aircraft type] wake turbulence category if heavy] [aircraft location] REQUEST TAXI (intentions]; [aircraft type] wake turbulence category if heavy] [aircraft location] flight rules) TO (aerodrome of destination) REQUEST TAXI [intentions]; TAXI TO HOLDING POSITION [number] [RUNWAY (number)] [TIME (time)];
86 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi

procedures

where detailed taxi instructions are required

where aerodrome information is not available from an alternative source such as ATIS

(aircraft type] wake turbulence category if heavy] REQUEST DETAILED TAXI INSTRUCTIONS; TAXI TO HOLDING POSITION (number) (RUNWAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be followed) TIME (time)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (number)]; TAXI TO HOLDING POSITION [number] (followed by aerodrome information as applicable) [TIME (time)];
87 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi procedures

for helicopter operations

(TAKE (or TURN) FIRST (or SECOND) LEFT (or RIGHT); TAXI VIA (identification of taxiway); TAXI VIA RUNWAY (number); TAXI TO TERMINAL (or other location, e.g. GENERAL AVIATION AREA) [STAND (number)]; REQUEST AIR-TAXIING FROM (or VIA) TO (location or routing as appropriate);

88 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi

procedures

..after landing

AIR-TAXI TO (or VIA) (location or routing as appropriate) CAUTION (dust, blowing snow, loose debris, taxiing light aircraft, personnel, etc.)]; AIR TAXI VIA (director, as requested, or specified route) TO (location, heliport, operating or movement area, active or inactive runway). AVOID (aircraft or vehicles or personnel); REQUEST BACKTRACK; BACKTRACK APPROVED;
89 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi procedures BACKTRACK RUNWAY (number); general [aircraft location] REQUEST TAXI TO (destination on aerodrome); TAXI STRAIGHT AHEAD; TAXI WITH CAUTION; GIVE WAY TO (description and position of other aircraft); GIVING WAY TO (traffic); TRAFFIC (or type of aircraft) IN SIGHT; TAXI INTO HOLDING BAY; FOLLOW (description of other aircraft or vehicle);

90 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi

procedures

VACATE RUNWAY RUNWAY VACATED EXPEDITE TAXI (reason) EXPEDITING [CAUTION] TAXI SLOWER (reason)

SLOWING DOWN
91 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Taxi

procedures

HOLD (direction) OF (position, runway number, etc.) HOLD POSITION

HOLD (distance) FROM (position)

HOLD SHORT OF (position) HOLDING HOLDING SHORT
92 9/26/2013

Require specific acknowledgement

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - To

cross a runway
REQUEST CROSS RUNWAY (number) CROSS RUNWAY (number) [REPORT VACATED]; EXPEDITE CROSSING RUNWAY (number) TRAFFIC (aircraft type) (distance) MILES FINAL; TAXI TO HOLDING POSITION [number] RUNWAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be followed), [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (number)] or [CROSS RUNWAY (number)] RUNWAY VACATED
93 9/26/2013

If the control tower is unable to see the crossing aircraft (e.g. night, low visibility, etc.), the instruction should always be accompanied by a request to report when the aircraft has vacated and is clear of the runway.

The pilot will, when requested, report RUNWAY VACATED when the aircraft is clear of the runway

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Preparation

for take off

if unable to issue take-off clearance

UNABLE TO ISSUE (designator) DEPARTURE (reasons) REPORT WHEN READY [FOR DEPARTURE] ARE YOU READY [FOR DEPARTURE]? ARE YOUR READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE? READY WAIT [reason];

94 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Preparation clearance to enter runway and await take-off clearance When there is the possibility of confusion during multiple runway operations

for take off

LINE UP [AND WAIT]

LINE UP RUNWAY (number)

LINE UP. BE READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE (condition) LINE UP (condition) LINING UP [THAT IS] CORRECT (or I SAY AGAIN (as appropriate)

conditional clearance acknowledgement of a conditional clearance confirmation or otherwise of the read-back of conditional clearance

95 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Take-off

clearance

When more than one runway in use when take-off clearance has not been complied with

to cancel a take-off clearance

CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF REPORT AIRBORNE] RUNWAY (number) CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY OR VACATE RUNWAY [(instructions)] TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY OR HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY HOLD POSITION, CANCEL TAKE OFF I SAY AGAIN CANCEL TAKEOFF (reasons) HOLDING
96 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Take-off

clearance

to stop a take-off after an aircraft has commenced take-off roll

for helicopter operations

STOP IMMEDIATELY (repeat aircraft call sign) STOP IMMEDIATELY (reasons) STOPPING CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF [FROM LOCATION] (present position, taxiway, final approach and take-off area, runway and number) REQUEST DEPARTURE INSTRUCTIONS AFTER DEPARTURE TURN RIGHT (or LEFT or CLIMB) (instructions as appropriate)
97 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

Turn or climb instructions after take-off

to request airborne time

heading to be followed

REQUEST RIGHT (or LEFT) TURN; RIGHT (or LEFT TURN APPROVED; WILL ADVISE LATER FOR RIGHT (or LEFT TURN; REPORT AIRBORNE; AIRBORNE (time) AFTER PASSING (level) (instructions); CONTINUE RUNWAY HEADING (instructions);
98 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

Turn or climb instructions after take-off when a specific track is to be followed

TRACK EXTENDED CENTRELINE (instructions) CLIMB STRAIGHT AHEAD (instructions)

99 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

Entering an aerodrome traffic circuit

[aircraft type] position) (level) FOR LANDING

JOIN (position in circuit) (direction of circuit) (runway number) SURFACE] WIND (direction and speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)] [TRAFFIC detail)]
100 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME Entering an aerodrome traffic circuit

when right hand traffic circuit in use

MAKE STRAIGHT-IN APPROCH, RUNWAY (number) [SURFACE] WIND (direction and speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE[MINUS] (number) QNH (or QFE) (number) (units)] [TRAFFIC (detail)] JOIN RIGHT HAND (position in circuit) (runway number) [SURFACE] WIND (direction and speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number) QNH (or QFE) (number) (units)] [TRAFFIC (detail)]

101 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

Entering an aerodrome traffic circuit

when ATIS information is available

(aircraft type), (position) (level) INFORMATION (ATIS identification) FOR LANDING JOIN (position in circuit) [RUNWAY (number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) (units)] [TRAFFIC (detail)]

102 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - In the circuit (position in circuit, e.g. DOWNWIND / FINAL)

NUMBER FOLLOW (aircraft type and position) [additional instructions if required]

103 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Approach

instructions

MAKE SHORT APPROACH MAKE LONG APPROCH (or EXTEND DOWNWIND)

REPORT BASE (or FINAL, or LONG FINAL)

CONTINUE APPROCH [PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE GO AROUND]

104 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME -

Landing

multiple runway operations special operations to make an approach along or parallel to a runway, descending to an agreed minimum level

CLEARED TO LAND RUNWAY (number) CLEARED TO LAND CLEARED TOUCH AND GO MAKE FULL STOP REQUEST LOW APPROACH (reasons) CLEARED LOW APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)] [(altitude restriction if required) (go around instructions)]

105 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Landing

to fly past the control tower or other observation point for the purpose of visual inspection by persons on the ground for helicopter operations

REQUEST LOW PASS (reasons)

CLEARED LOW PASS [RUNWAY (number)] [(altitude restriction if required) (go around instructions)] REQUEST STRAIGHT-IN (or CIRCLING APPROACH, LEFT (or RIGHT) TURN TO (location))
106 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Delaying

aircraft

CIRCLE THE AERODROME ORBIT (RIGHT, or LEFT)[FROM PRESENT POSITION] MAKE ANOTHER CIRCUIT

107 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Missed

approach

GO AROUND GOING AROUND

108 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Information

to aircraft

...when pilot requested visual inspection of landing gear

LANDING GEAR APPEARS DOWN

RIGHT (or LEFT, or NOSE) WHEEL APPEARS UP (or DOWN)

WHEELS APPEAR UP RIGHT (or LEFT, or NOSE) WHEEL DOES NOT APPEAR UP (or DOWN)
109 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME - Information

to aircraft

wake turbulence

CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE [FROM ARRIVING (or DEPARTING) (type of aircraft) [additional information as required]
CAUTION JET BLAST

jet blast on apron or taxiway propeller-driven aircraft slipstream

CAUTION SLIPSTREAM
110 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

Runway vacating and communications after landing

CONTACT GROUND (frequency) WHEN VACATED CONTACT GROUND (frequency) EXPEDITE VACATING YOUR STAND (OR GATE) designation) TAKE (or TURN) FIRST (or SECOND, or CONVENIENT) LEFT (or RIGHT) AND CONTACT GROUND (frequency)
111 9/26/2013

Phraseology
VICINITY OF THE AERODROME

Runway vacating and communications after landing for helicopter AIR-TAXI TO HELICOPTER STAND (or) HELICOPTER operations PARKING POSITION (area)

AIR-TAXI TO (or VIA) (location or routing as appropriate) [CAUTION (dust, loose debris, taxiing light aircraft, personnel, etc.)] AIR TAXI VIA (direct, as requested, or specified route) TO (location heliport, operating or movement area, active or inactive runway). AVOID (aircraft or vehicles or personnel)
112 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Estimates and revisions

ESTIAMTE (Eastbound/ Westbound) (aircraft call sign) [SQUAWKING (SSR Code)] (type) ESTIMATED (significant point) (time) (level) [SPEED (filed TAS)] (route) [ (point of departure) TO (point of destination)] [RVSM status] [REMARKS] ESTIMATE (significant point) ON (aircraft call sign) NO DETAILS (aircraft type) (destination); [SQUAWKING (SSR Code) [ESTIMATED] (significant point) (time) AT (level)
113 9/26/2013

sending

unit

receiving unit reply (if flight plan details are not available) receiving unit reply (if flight plan details are available) unit reply

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Estimates

and revisions

ESTIMATE UNMANNED FREE BALLOONS(S) (identification and classification) ESTIMATED OVER (place) AT (time) REPORTED FLIGHT LEVEL(S) (figure or figures) [or FLIGHT LEVEL UNKNOWN] MOVING (direction) ESTIMATED GROUND SPEED (figure) (other pertinent information, if any) REVISION (aircraft call sign) (details as necessary)

114 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Transfer

of control

REQUEST RELEASE OF (aircraft call sign) (aircraft call sign) RELEASED [AT (time)] [conditions/restrictions] IS (aircraft call sign) RELEASED [FOR CLIMB (or DESCENT)]? (aircraft call sign) NOT RELEASED [UNTIL (time or significant point)] UNABLE (aircraft call sign) TRAFFIC IS (details)]
115 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Change

of clearance

MAY WE CHANGE CLEARANCE OF (aircraft call sign) TO (details of alteration proposed) AGREED TO (alteration of clearance) OF (aircraft call sign) UNABLE (aircraft call sign) UNABLE (desired route, level, etc. FOR (aircraft call sign)] [DUE (reason)] (alternative clearance proposed)
116 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Approval

request

APPROVAL REQUEST (aircraft call sign) ESTIMATED DEPARTURE FROM (significant point) AT (time)
(aircraft call sign) REQUEST APPROVED [(restriction if any)]

(aircraft call sign) UNABLE (alternative instructions)

117 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Inbound

release

INBOUND RELEASE (aircraft call sign) [SQUAWKING (SSR Code)] (type) FROM (departure point) RELEASED AT (significant point, or time, or level) CLEARED TO AND ESTIMATING (clearance limit (time) AT (level) [EXPECTED APPROACH TIME or NO DELAY EXPECTED] CONTACT AT (time).

118 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS - Radar

handover

RADAR HANDOVER (aircraft call sign) SQUAWKING (SSR Code)] POSITION (aircraft position (level)

119 9/26/2013

Phraseology
CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS

Expedition of clearance

EXPEDITE CLEARANCE (aircraft call sign) EXPECTED DEPARTURE FROM (place) AT (time) EXPEDITE CLEARANCE (aircraft call sign) [ESTIMATED] OVER (place) AT (time) REQUESTS (level or route, etc.)
120 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RELATED TO RVSM OPERATIONS For a Controller to ascertain the (call sign) CONFIRM RVSM approval status of an RVSM APPROVED aircraft For a pilot to report NONRVSM approval status For a pilot to report RVSM approval status

NEGATIVE RVSM

AFFIRM RVSM

For a pilot to report NONRVSM approved state aircraft to report NON-RVSM approval status

NEGATIVE RVSM STATE AIRCRAFT

121 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RELATED TO RVSM OPERATIONS

Denial of clearance into the RVSM airspace

(call sign) UNABLE CLEARANCE INTO RVSM AIRSPACE, MAINTAIN [or DESCEND TO, or CLIMB TO] FLIGHT LEVEL (number) UNABLE RVSM DUE TURBULENCE

For a pilot to report when severe turbulence affects the aircrafts capability to maintain the height-keeping requirements for RVSM

122 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RELATED TO RVSM OPERATIONS

For a pilot to report that the aircrafts equipment has degraded enroute below that required for flight within the RVSM airspace For a pilot to report the ability to resume operations within the RVSM airspace after an equipment or weatherrelated contingency

UNABLE RVSM DUE EQUIPMENT

READY TO RESUME RVSM

123 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RELATED TO RVSM OPERATIONS

For a controller to confirm that an aircraft has regained its RVSM approval status, or to confirm that the pilot is ready to resume RVSM operations

REPORT ABLE TO RESUME RVSM

124 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RELATED TO RVSM OPERATIONS COORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS To verbally supplement an NEGATIVE RVSM or NEGATIVE RVSM STATE automated estimate message AIRCRAFT [as applicable]

exchange that does not automatically transfer Item 18 from the Flight Plan information

To verbally supplement estimate messages of nonRVSM approved aircraft

NEGATIVE RVSM or NEGATIVE RVSM STATE AIRCRAFT [as applicable]

125 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RELATED TO RVSM OPERATIONS COORDINATION BETWEEN ATS UNITS To communicate the cause UNABLE RVSM DUE TURBULENCE [or of contingency relating to EQUIPMENT, as applicable]

an aircraft that is unable to conduct RVSM operations due to severe turbulence or other severe weather relate phenomena [or equipment failure, as applicable

126 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Identification of aircraft REPORT HEADING [AND FLIGHT LEVEL (or ALTITUDE)] FOR IDENTIFICATION TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits) TRANSIMIT FOR IDENTIFICATION AND REPORT HEADING RADAR CONTACT [position)] IDENTIFIED [position] NOT IDENTIFIED [reason], [RESUME (or CONTINUE) OWN NAVIGATION]

127 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Position

information

POSITION (distance) (direction) OF (signification point) (or OVER or ABEAM (signification point))

128 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Vectoring

instructions

LEAVE (signification point) HEADING (three digits) CONTINUE HEADING (three digits) CONTINUE PRESENT HEADING FLY HEADING (three digits)

TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits) [reasons]

129 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Vectoring

instructions

TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number of degrees) DEGREES [reasons]

STOP TURN HEADING (three digits) FLY HEADING (three digits), WHEN ABLE PROCEED DIRECT (name) (signification point) HEADING IS GOOD

130 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Termination

of radar vectoring

RESUME OWN NAVIGATION (position of aircraft) (specific instructions)

RESUME OWN NAVIGATION [DIRECT] (significant point) [MAGNETIC TRACK (three digits) DISTANCE (number) MILES]

131 9/26/2013

RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Manoeuvres

Phraseology

(in case of unreliable directional instruments on board aircraft)

When it is necessary to specify a reason for radar vectoring or for the above maneuvers, the following phraseologies should be used:

DUE TRAFFIC; FOR SPACING; FOR DELAY; FOR DOWNWIND (or BASE/FINAL)

MAKE A THREE SIXTY TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) [reason] ORBIT LEFT (or RIGHT) [reasons] MAKE ALL TURNS RATE ONE (or RATE HALF, or (number) DEGREES PER SECOND) START AND STOP ALL TURNS ON THE COMMAND NOW TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) NOW STOP TURN NOW

132 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Speed

control
REPORT SPEED; SPEED (number) KNOTS MAINTAIN (number) KNOTS [OR GREATER (or OR LESS] [ UNTIL (significant point)] DO NOT EXCEED (number) KNOTS MAINTAIN PRESENT SPEED INCREASE (or REDUCE) SPEED TO (number) KNOTS[ OR GREATER (or LESS)]
133 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Speed

control
INCREASE (or REDUCE) SPEED BY (number) KNOTS
RESUME NORMAL SPEED REDUCE TO MINIMUM APPROACH SPEED REDUCE TO MINIMUM CLEAN SPEED NO ATC SPEED RESTRICTION
134 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Position

reporting
OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNTIL (specify)] NEXT REPORT AT (significant point) REPORTS REQUIRED ONLY AT (significant point(s)) RESUME POSITION REPORTING.

to omit position reports when under radar control

135 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Traffic information and avoiding action

(if known)

TRAFFIC (number) OCLOCK (distance) (direction of flight) any other pertinent information]; UNKNOWN; SLOW MOVING; FAST MOVING; CLOSING; OPPOSITE (or SAME DIRECTION); OVERTAKING; CROSSING LEFT TO RIGHT (or RIGHT TO LEFT); (aircraft type); (level); CLIMBING (or DESCENDING);
136 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Traffic information and avoiding action

to request avoiding action when passing unknown traffic for avoiding action

REQUEST VECTORS; DO YOU WANT VECTORS?; CLEAR OF TRAFFIC [appropriate instructions]; TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) IMMEDIATELY HEADING (three digits) TO AVOID [UNIDENTIFIED] TRAFFIC (bearing by clock reference and distance); TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number of degrees) DEGREES IMMEDIATELY TO AVOID [UNIDENTIFIED] TRAFFIC AT (bearing by clock-reference and distance).
137 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Communications and loss of communications

if loss of communications suspected

[IF] RADIO CONTACT LOST (instructions); IF NO TRANSMISSIONS RECEIVED FOR (number) MINUTES (or SECONDS) (instructions); REPLY NOT RECEIVED (instructions; IF YOU READ (maneuvers instructions or SQUAWK (code or IDENT)]; (maneuvers or SQUAWK) OBSERVED. POSITION (position of aircraft). WILL CONTINUE RADAR CONTROL.

138 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Termination

of radar service

RADAR CONTROL TERMINATED [DUE (reasons)]

RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED (instructions) WILL SHORTLY LOSE IDENTIFICATION (appropriate instructions or information) IDENTIFICATION LOST [reasons] (instructions)

139 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES - Radar

equipment degradation
SECONDARY RADAR OUT OF SERVICE (appropriate information as necessary)

PRIMARY RADAR OUT OF SERVICE (appropriate information as necessary)

140 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES -

Vectoring for approach

VECTORING FOR (type of pilot-interpreted aid) APPROCH RUNWAY (number); VECTORING FOR VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number) REPORT FIELD (or RUNWAY) IN SIGHT; VECTORING FOR (positioning in the circuit); VECTORING FOR SURVEILLANCE RADAR APPRAOCH RUNWAY (number); (type) APPROACH NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) (alternative instructions).
141 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Vectoring for ILS and other pilot- interpreted aids

when a pilot wishes to be positioned a specific distance from touchdown

POSITION (number) MILES FROM (fix). TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits) YOU WILL INTERCEPT (radio aid or track) (distance) FROM (significant point or TOUCHDOWN) REQUEST (distance) FINAL
CLEARED FOR (type) APPROCH RUNWAY (number)
142 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Vectoring for ILS and other pilot- interpreted aids

instructions and information

REPORT ESTABLISHED [ON ILS or LOCALIZER or GLIDE PATH]; CLOSING FROM LEFT (or RIGHT) [REPORT ESTABLISHED); TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits) TO INTERCEPT LOCALIZER (or radio aid) REPORT ESTABLISHED; CONTINUE PRESENT HEADING (three digits) TO INTERCEPT LOCALIZER (or radio aid) REPORT ESTABLISHED;
143 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Vectoring for ILS and other pilot- interpreted aids

EXPECT VECTOR ACROSS (localizer course or radio aid) (reasons)

THIS TURN WILL TAKE YOU THROUGH (localizer course or radio aid) [reasons]
TAKING YOU THROUGH (localizer course or radio aid) [reasons] MAINTAIN (altitude) UNTIL GLIDE PATH INTERCEPTION
144 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Vectoring for ILS and other pilot- interpreted aids

REPORT ESTABLISHED ON GLIDE PATH INTERCEPT (localizer course or radio aid) REPORT ESTABLISHED

145 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Maneuvers during independent and dependent parallel approaches

CLEARD FOR ILS APPROACH RUNWAY (number) LEFT (or RIGHT)

YOU HAVE CROSSED THE LOCALIZER. TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) IMMEDIATELY AND RETURN TO THE LOCALIZER

ILS RUNWAY (number) LEFT (or RIGHT) LOCALIZER REEQUENCY IS (frequency)

146 9/26/2013

Phraseology
RADAR PHRASEOLOGIES

Manoeuvre during independent and dependent parallel approaches

for avoidance action when an aircraft is observed penetrating the NTZ

TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number) DEGREES (or HEADING (three digits)) IMMEDIATELY TO AVOID TRAFFIC [DEVIATING FROM ADJACENT APPRAOCH], CLIMB TO (altitude) CLIMB TO (altitude) IMMEDIATELY TO AVOID TRAFFIC [DEVIATING FROM ADJACENT APPROACH] (further instructions)

for avoidance action below 400 ft above the runway threshold elevation where parallel approach obstacle surfaces (PAOAS) criteria is being applied

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SRA PHRASEOLOGIES

Provision of service

THIS WILL BE A SURVEILLANCE RADAR APPRAOCH RUNWAY (number) TERMIANTING AT (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN, OBSTACLE CLEARACNE ALTITUDE (number) FEET CHECK YOUR MINIMA [IN CASE OF GO AROUND (instructions)] APPROACH INSTRUCTIONS WILL BE TERMINATED AT (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN

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SRA PHRASEOLOGIES -

ELEVATION

COMMENCE DESCENT NOW TO MAINTAIN A (number) DEGREE GLIDE PATH (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN ALTITUDE SHOULD BE (number and units)

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SRA PHRASEOLOGIES -

POSITION

distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN

(

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SRA PHRASEOLOGIES

CHECKS

CHECK GEAR DOWN [AND LOCKED] OVER THRESHOLD

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SRA PHRASEOLOGIES

Completion of approach

REPORT VISUAL REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT APPROCH COMPLETED [CONTACT (unit)]

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the capability of the SSR equipment

ADVISE TRANSPONDER CAPABILITY

TRANSPONDER (as shown in the flight plan)

NEGATIVE TRANSPONDER

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

instruct setting of transponder

FOR DEPARTURE SQUAWK (code) SQUAWK (code)

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the pilot to reselect the assigned mode and code

RESET SQUAWK [(mode)] (code) RESETTING (mode (code)

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES RESET MODE S IDENTIFICATION

To request reselection of aircraft identification

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the pilot to confirm the Code selected on the aircrafts transponder

CONFIRM SQUAWK (code) SQUAWKING (code)

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the operation of the IDENT feature

SQUAWK [(code)] [AND] IDENT

SQUAWK LOW
SQUAWK NORMAL

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request temporary suspension of transponder operation

SQUAWK STANDBY

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request emergency code

-

SQUAWK MAYDAY (CODE SEVEN-SEVEN ZERO-ZERO]

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES To request termination of transponder operation

STOP SQUAWK

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request transmission SQUAWK of pressure altitude CHARLIE

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request pressure setting check and confirmation of level

CHECK ALTIMETER SETTING AND CONFIRM (level)

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES

To request termination of pressure altitude transmission because of faulty operation

STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE WRONG INDICATION

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SSR PHRASEOLOGIES -

To request level check

CONFIRM (level)

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ADS PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the capability a) ASVISE ADS-B of the ADS-B equipment CAPABILITY; *b) ADS-B TRANSMITTER (data link); *d) NEGATIVE ADS-B.

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ADS PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the pilot to reselect the assigned mode and code

a) RESET SQUAWK [(mode)] (code); *b) RESETTING (mode (code).

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ADS PHRASEOLOGIES

To request reselection of aircraft identification

RE-ENTER [ADS-B or MODE S] AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION

To request level check

CONFIRM (LEVEL)

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ADS PHRASEOLOGIES

To request the operation of TRANSMIT ADS-B the IDENT feature IDENT.

To request transmission of pressure altitude

TRANSMIT ADS-B ALTITUDE.

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ADS PHRASEOLOGIES

To request termination of transponder and/or ADS-B transmitter operation

Note.-Independent operations of Mode S transponder and ADS-B may not be possible in all aircraft (e.g. where ADS-B is solely provided by 1090 MHz

a) STOP SQUAWK [TRANSMIT ADS-B ONLY]; b) STOP ADS-B TRANSMISSION [SQUAWK (code) ONLY]

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ADS PHRASEOLOGIES

To request termination of pressure altitude transmission because of faulty operation

a) STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE WRONG INDICATION; (for SSR ) b) STOP ADS-B ALTITUDE TRANSMISSION [(WRONG INDICATION, reason)].

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ADS-C PHRASEOLOGIES

ADS-C degradation

ADS-C (or ADSCONTRACT) OUT OF SERVICE (appropriate instructions as necessary)

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ALERTING PHRASEOLOGIES -

Low altitude warning

(aircraft call sign) LOW ALTITUDE WARNING, CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE IMMEDIATELY, QNH IS (number) [(units)] [THE MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE IS (altitude)]
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ALERTING PHRASEOLOGIES -

Terrain alert

(aircraft call sign) TERRAIN ALERT, (suggested pilot action, if possible)

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If all the communication procedures described doc 4444 are used both by Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots, the risk of miscommunication and the resulting potential for an accident or an incident can be significantly reduced.
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